Table 1.
Comparison of characteristics of EMaBS trial annual visit children and community survey children
| Trial annual visit (n = 199) | Community survey (n = 173) | OR (95% CI)1 | P 1(P trend) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables 2 | ||||
| Maternal tribe | ||||
| Baganda | 99 (50%) | 110 (65%) | 1 | 0.05 |
| Banyankole/Batoro/Banyarwanda | 37 (19%) | 17 (10%) | 0.41 (0.20, 0.87) | |
| Basoga | 11 (6%) | 6 (4%) | 0.49 (0.16, 1.50) | |
| Other | 52 (27%) | 37 (22%) | 0.64 (0.34, 1.21) | |
| Maternal education (mv: 0, 13) | ||||
| None | 8 (4%) | 22 (14%) | 4.43 (1.85, 10.57) | <0.001 |
| Primary | 103 (52%) | 64 (40%) | 1 | (0.08) |
| Secondary | 67 (34%) | 68 (43%) | 1.63 (0.97, 2.76) | |
| Tertiary | 21 (11%) | 6 (4%) | 0.46 (0.17, 1.21) | |
| Paternal education (mv: 37, 38) | ||||
| None/primary | 31 (19%) | 46 (34%) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Secondary | 79 (49%) | 75 (56%) | 0.64 (0.36, 1.14) | (<0.001) |
| Tertiary | 52 (32%) | 14 (10%) | 0.18 (0.09, 0.37) | |
| Maternal age (mv: 0, 12) | 24.2 (4.7) | 23.1 (5.6) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | 0.04 |
| Paternal age (mv: 121, 54) | 34.8 (7.1) | 33.8 (7.4) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.33 |
| Maternal employment (mv: 73, 8) | ||||
| Unemployed | 56 (44%) | 123 (75%) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Employed | 70 (56%) | 42 (25%) | 0.27 (0.16, 0.46) | |
| Annual maternal income (Ugandan Shillings) (mv: 77, 1) | ||||
| Zero | 67 (55%) | 126 (73%) | 1 | 0.002 |
| 0-50000 | 26 (21%) | 15 (9%) | 0.31 (0.15, 0.64) | (0.08) |
| 50001-100000 | 23 (19%) | 18 (10%) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.83) | |
| 100001- | 6 (5%) | 13 (8%) | 1.15 (0.40, 3.29) | |
| Household circumstances | ||||
| Crowding (mv: 74, 1) | ||||
| <=3 people/room | 77 (62%) | 126 (73%) | 1 | |
| >3 people/room | 48 (38%) | 46 (27%) | 0.59 (0.37, 0.93) | 0.02 |
| Roofing (mv: 74, 1) | ||||
| Iron/tiles | 118 (94%) | 169 (98%) | 1 | |
| Banana leaves/grass | 7 (6%) | 3 (2%) | 0.30 (0.06, 1.56) | 0.13 |
| Walls (mv: 74, 1) | ||||
| Bricks | 108 (86%) | 164 (95%) | 1 | |
| Mud/metal | 17 (14%) | 8 (5%) | 0.31 (0.10, 0.92) | 0.03 |
| Fuel source (mv: 73, 1) | ||||
| Firewood | 25 (20%) | 27 (16%) | 1 | 0.04 |
| Charcoal | 89 (71%) | 141 (82%) | 1.47 (0.67, 3.22) | |
| Paraffin/gas/elec | 12 (10%) | 4 (2%) | 0.31 (0.08, 1.16) | |
| Electricity supply (mv: 71, 1) | ||||
| Yes | 60 (48%) | 67 (39%) | 1 | |
| No | 66 (52%) | 105 (61%) | 1.42 (0.81, 2.50) | 0.21 |
| Water source (mv: 71, 1) | ||||
| Lake/well/borehole | 15 (12%) | 14 (8%) | 1 | |
| Standpipe/domestic tap | 111 (88%) | 158 (92%) | 1.53 (0.52, 4.51) | 0.44 |
| Disease risk factors | ||||
| Barefoot exposure (mv: 71, 6) | ||||
| Never/rarely | 47 (37%) | 7 (4%) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Often | 79 (63%) | 160 (96%) | 13.60 (5.55, 33.30) | |
| Lake exposure (mv: 71, 1) | ||||
| Never | 108 (86%) | 145 (84%) | 1 | |
| Ever | 18 (14%) | 27 (16%) | 1.12 (0.59, 2.13) | 0.74 |
| Child sleeps under net (mv: 55, 1) | ||||
| Always | 113 (78%) | 88 (51%) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Sometimes | 13 (9%) | 28 (16%) | 2.77 (1.32, 5.79) | (<0.001) |
| Never | 18 (13%) | 56 (33%) | 3.99 (2.11, 7.56) | |
| Household nets treated? | ||||
| None | 56 (44%) | 109 (94%) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Some/all | 71 (56%) | 7 (6%) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.12) | |
| Reported disease episodes | ||||
| Malaria (mv: 14, 1) | ||||
| No | 88 (48%) | 74 (43%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 97 (52%) | 98 (57%) | 1.20 (0.78, 1.86) | 0.41 |
| Malaria (slide proven; mv: 44, 2) | ||||
| No | 103 (66%) | 111 (65%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 52 (34%) | 60 (35%) | 1.07 (0.69, 1.65) | 0.76 |
| Diarrhoea (mv: 14, 2) | ||||
| No | 120 (65%) | 130 (76%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 65 (35%) | 41 (24%) | 0.58 (0.35, 0.97) | 0.04 |
| Pneumonia (mv: 7, 4) | ||||
| No | 188 (98%) | 164 (97%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 4 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 1.43 (0.38, 5.35) | 0.59 |
| Measles (mv: 7, 2) | ||||
| No | 181 (94%) | 147 (86%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 11 (6%) | 24 (14%) | 2.69 (1.22, 5.92) | 0.01 |
| Anthropometric measurements | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Weight-for-age z-score | -0.46 (0.97) | -0.61 (1.04) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.09) | 0.21 |
| Height-for-age z-score | -0.90 (0.96) | -0.91 (1.27) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.24) | 0.96 |
1Odds ratios use the trial population as the reference group and are adjusted for clustering.
2mv denotes number of individuals with missing values in EMaBS and Community Survey groups, respectively.