Table 3.
Multivariable model for older group using stepwise regression with AIC criterion*
| Risk factor | Beta | Odds ratio | 95% CI (Lower -Upper) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | −1.16 | 0.31 | 0.18 | - | 0.55 | 0.000 | *** | ||
| Palpable lump | 0.013 | ** | |||||||
| No corresponding palpable mass | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Missing | −0.30 | 0.74 | 0.05 | - | 10.55 | 0.824 | |||
| Corresponding palpable mass | 0.80 | 2.22 | 1.12 | - | 4.41 | 0.022 | ** | ||
| Family history | 0.043 | ** | |||||||
| None | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Missing | −0.89 | 0.41 | 0.13 | - | 1.32 | 0.135 | |||
| Strong | −0.32 | 0.73 | 0.33 | - | 1.59 | 0.422 | |||
| Very strong | 1.66 | 5.24 | 0.84 | - | 32.78 | 0.076 | * | ||
| Prior surgery | 0.132 | ||||||||
| Not present | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Missing | −0.36 | 0.70 | 0.07 | - | 6.82 | 0.759 | |||
| Present | 0.57 | 1.78 | 0.99 | - | 3.17 | 0.053 | * | ||
| Principal mammography finding | <0.001 | *** | |||||||
| Calcifications or Single dilated duct | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Architectural distortion | 20.56 | Inf | 0.00 | - | Inf | 0.993 | |||
| Associated calcifications | 2.16 | 8.67 | 3.39 | - | 22.14 | 0.000 | *** | ||
| Missing | 2.10 | 8.14 | 3.88 | - | 17.09 | 0.000 | *** | ||
| Asymmetry or Focal asymmetry | 2.94 | 18.87 | 3.79 | - | 93.87 | 0.000 | *** | ||
| Mass | 3.04 | 20.93 | 9.20 | - | 47.65 | 0.000 | *** | ||
| Developing asymmetry | 2.80 | 16.45 | 1.78 | - | 151.95 | 0.014 | ** | ||
| Calcification distribution | 0.008 | ** | |||||||
| Not present | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Linear or Segmental | −3.11 | 0.04 | 0.00 | - | 0.49 | 0.011 | ** | ||
| Clustered | −0.69 | 0.50 | 0.22 | - | 1.18 | 0.113 | |||
| Regional or Scattered | −1.94 | 0.14 | 0.01 | - | 2.83 | 0.202 | |||
| Mass margins | <0.001 | *** | |||||||
| None | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Circumscribed | −2.51 | 0.08 | 0.01 | - | 0.45 | 0.004 | *** | ||
| Ill-Defined | 0.19 | 1.21 | 0.46 | - | 3.20 | 0.703 | |||
| Obscured | 0.10 | 1.10 | 0.11 | - | 11.31 | 0.935 | |||
| Spiculated | 28.70 | Inf | 0.00 | - | Inf | 0.983 | |||
| Mass shape | 0.033 | ** | |||||||
| None | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Irregular | 1.91 | 6.78 | 0.78 | - | 58.79 | 0.083 | * | ||
| Lobular or Oval | −0.13 | 0.87 | 0.24 | - | 3.16 | 0.838 | |||
| Round | −15.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | Inf | 0.987 | |||
| Focal asymmetric density | 0.077 | * | |||||||
| Not present | 0.00 | 1(referent) | |||||||
| Present | 1.63 | 5.10 | 0.54 | - | 47.77 | 0.154 | |||
The model is presented in the order of inclusion into the model.
*Asterisks denote the level of significance such that: ***p-value < 0.001; **p-value < 0.05, and *p-value <0.1.
“Inf” (short for infinity) is inserted at places where the data for the corresponding variable is sparsely populated and produces a very high and unstable odds ratio.