Table 3.
Percentage of young people reporting risk-taking behaviors consistent with the absence of shalom, by participation in groups
| Indicator of risk-taking | Participate in church or religious groups | Participate in sports groups or teams | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n = 3,937 Column % |
No n = 20,257 Column % |
p value | Adjusted ORb | Yes n = 13,230 Column % |
No n = 11,008 Column % |
p value | Adjusted ORb | |||
| OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | |||||||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||||||
| Ever smoked | 12.2 | 20.1 | <0.0001 | 0.81 | (0.72–0.91) | 15.2 | 23.0 | <0.0001 | 0.77 | (0.71–0.83) |
| Daily smoking | 1.6 | 3.5 | <0.001 | 0.72 | (0.54–0.94) | 1.7 | 4.9 | <0.0001 | 0.49 | (0.41–0.58) |
| Early smoking | 4.5 | 9.1 | <0.0001 | 0.99 | (0.84–1.16) | 5.7 | 11.4 | <0.0001 | 0.57 | (0.49–0.68) |
| Alcohola | ||||||||||
| Frequent drunkenness | 6.8 | 15.0 | <0.0001 | 0.52 | (0.45–0.60) | 13.5 | 13.8 | 0.14 | 1.23 | (1.13–1.34) |
| Binge drinking | 16.4 | 27.3 | <0.0001 | 0.62 | (0.52–0.73) | 26.8 | 24.8 | 0.04 | 1.23 | (1.11–1.36) |
| Early drinking | 11.8 | 18.5 | <0.0001 | 0.69 | (0.57–0.83) | 16.4 | 18.8 | 0.03 | 0.93 | (0.83–1.04) |
| Drug usea | ||||||||||
| Frequent cannabis use | 9.0 | 20.4 | <0.0001 | 0.46 | (0.37–0.56) | 16.8 | 20.9 | <0.0001 | 0.88 | (0.78–0.99) |
| Early cannabis use | 3.0 | 4.9 | 0.04 | 0.77 | (0.54–1.09) | 3.6 | 5.8 | <0.0001 | 0.72 | (0.58–0.89) |
| Ever hard drug use | 9.7 | 12.8 | 0.07 | 0.90 | (0.73–1.11) | 10.0 | 15.0 | <0.0001 | 0.77 | (0.67–0.88) |
| Sexual activitya | ||||||||||
| Ever had sexual intercourse | 16.2 | 26.7 | <0.0001 | 0.71 | (0.59–0.85) | 25.0 | 25.7 | 0.37 | 1.18 | (1.06–1.32) |
| Early sexual intercourse | 7.3 | 7.6 | 0.56 | 1.18 | (0.91–1.52) | 6.8 | 8.4 | 0.04 | 0.97 | (0.82–1.16) |
| Violence | ||||||||||
| Frequent physical fights | 19.1 | 19.8 | 0.42 | 1.03 | (0.94–1.14) | 19.9 | 17.7 | <0.0001 | 1.14 | (1.06–1.23) |
| Frequent bullying | 14.5 | 16.2 | 0.07 | 0.99 | (0.89–1.09) | 15.4 | 16.5 | 0.25 | 1.02 | (0.94–1.10) |
| Physical health measures | ||||||||||
| Frequent breakfast skipping | 19.2 | 29.3 | <0.0001 | 0.78 | (0.71–0.86) | 19.6 | 27.5 | <0.0001 | 0.77 | (0.72–0.83) |
| Infrequent vegetable eating | 9.9 | 13.4 | <0.0001 | 0.73 | (0.65–0.83) | 10.2 | 16.1 | <0.0001 | 0.65 | (0.60–0.71) |
| Infrequent fruit consumption | 9.1 | 12.1 | <0.0001 | 0.81 | (0.71–0.92) | 8.0 | 15.9 | <0.0001 | 0.50 | (0.45–0.54) |
| Infrequent toothbrushing | 5.0 | 5.2 | 0.42 | 1.03 | (0.87–1.22) | 3.7 | 6.9 | <0.0001 | 0.58 | (0.51–0.65) |
| Physically inactive | 4.2 | 6.6 | <0.0001 | 0.76 | (0.63–0.90) | 1.6 | 18.8 | <0.0001 | 0.15 | (0.13–0.17) |
2009–2010 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study
Models were adjusted for the following factors: sex, grade level, urban–rural geographic status, family structure, material wealth (SES), and meals as family
aCollected in grades 9 and higher only
bEstimated using multi-level procedures; students nested within schools, and SAS PROC GLIMMIX Procedure