Table 3.

Definition of dental landmarks and linear and angular measurements

Dental landmarks	Linear and angular measurements
1. Upper molar (Um) - the most prominent lateral point on the buccal surface of the upper first molar	1. Upper inter-molar width
2. Lower molar (Lm) - the most prominent lateral point on the buccal surface of the lower first molar	2. Lower inter-molar width
3. Upper incisor mesial (Uim) - the most mesial point of the upper central incisor crown	3. Upper inter-incisal width-mesial
4. Upper incisor apex (Uia) - the tip of the root apex of the upper central incisor	4. Upper inter-incisal width-apex
5. Upper incisor edge (Uie) - the point located on the incisal edge of the upper central incisor, centered mediolaterally	5. Maxillary incisal angle (Mia) - the angle between the major axe of upper central incisors (Uia-Uie).
	6. Upper right first molar-laterorbitale width (UR6^Lo) - the angle between the upper right first molar tangent and laterorbitale width.
	7. Upper left first molar-laterorbitale width (UL6^Lo) - the angle between the upper left first molar tangent and the laterorbitale width
	8. Maxillary first molar angle (Mfma) - the angle between the tangent of upper first molars