Figure 4.

Plasma leptin (A) and insulin (B) levels at the end of vehicle, EX-4, or pair-fed treatments. Data represent mean ± SEM. In each panel, groups that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other after obtaining a significant main effect by a two-way ANOVA. A, HF feeding increased plasma leptin levels, and food restriction by paired fed can significantly reduce this high plasma leptin. B, Plasma insulin was elevated due to chronic HF feeding. EX-4 treatment and food restriction in HF diet-fed rats both normalized plasma levels of insulin.