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. 2014 Aug 20;8:517. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00517

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Copyright © 2014 Krawczyk, Kandalaft, Didehbani, Allen, McClelland, Tamminga and Chapman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The examples of task problem types. The 24 problems included three factors that were varied factorially: number of relations (one-relation or two-relations), presence of distractor item (with or without distractor), and item type involved in the analogy (living or non-living items). Panel A shows an analogy with a single relation (reaching), involves living objects (people and a dog), and contains no distraction. Panel B consists of two relations (containing, and being contained), involves non-living objects (food, bowl, cabinet, groceries, bag, and car) with no distraction. Panel C is a one relation problem (containing) with non-living objects (water, pitcher, and bucket), with a distractor present (the pitcher in the lower picture). Panel D consists of two relations (receiving a message and relaying a message), living objects (people), and has a distractor (the woman in the lower picture).