Table 2.
Identification and antimicrobial activities and presence of PKS and NRPS genes in Actinobacteria isolates from Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia.
| Isolate number (Genbank accession number) | Closest relative | Sequence identity (%) | Activitya (mm) against pathogens | Presence of gene | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PKS-I | PKS-II | NRPS | ||||
| MUSC 1 (KF541340) | Streptomyces corchorusii | 98.8 | BS (9) | + | − | − |
| MUSC 5 (KF682143) | Streptomyces drozdowiczii | 99.4 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 11 (KF682144) | Streptomyces thermocarboxydus | 99.9 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 14 (KF311012) | Streptomyces bungoensis | 99.4 | MRSA (2), SE (2) | + | − | − |
| MUSC 16 (KF311013) | Streptomyces bungoensis | 99.5 | MRSA (3), SE (3) | + | − | − |
| MUSC 25 (KF682145) | Streptomyces philanthi | 96.3 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 26 (KF682146) | Streptomyces qinglanensis | 96.2 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 34 (KF682147) | Streptacidiphilus rugosus | 99.4 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 35 (KF682148) | Streptomyces lannensis | 100.0 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 37 (KF682149) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.9 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 40 (KF682150) | Nocardia elegans | 99.9 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 41 (KF682151) | Streptomyces bungoensis | 99.6 | − | + | − | − |
| MUSC 46 (KF682152) | Leifsonia shinshuensis | 99.4 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 56 (KF541341) | Streptomyces antibioticus | 100.0 | BS (4.5), BC (4), EF (3) | − | + | − |
| MUSC 58 (KF682153) | Leifsonia shinshuensis | 99.3 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 59 (KF682154) | Leifsonia shinshuensis | 99.3 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 60 (KF682155) | Leifsonia shinshuensis | 99.4 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 73 (KF682156) | Terrabacter tumescens | 99.0 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 78 (KF682157) | Terrabacter lapilli | 98.3 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 81 (KF682158) | Streptomyces bungoensis | 97.8 | − | + | − | + |
| MUSC 84 (KF682159) | Streptomyces echinatus | 98.7 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 85 (KF682160) | Streptomyces psammoticus | 99.5 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 93 (KF682161) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.0 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 94 (KF682162) | Streptomyces gramineus | 98.6 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 97 (KF682163) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.7 | − | + | − | − |
| MUSC 98 (KF682164) | Streptomyces corchorusii | 98.9 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 101 (KF682165) | Sinomonas soli | 96.8 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 105 (KF682166) | Microbacterium immunditiarum | 98.0 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 106 (KF682167) | Streptomyces lucensis | 99.2 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 107 (KF682168) | Streptomyces bungoensis | 98.8 | − | + | − | − |
| MUSC 108 (KF682169) | Streptomyces scopuliridis | 97.1 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 109 (KF682170) | Streptomyces bungoensis | 99.6 | − | + | − | − |
| MUSC 110 (KF682171) | Sinomonas atrocyanea | 99.4 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 112 (KF682172) | Streptomyces gramineus | 98.4 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 115 (KF028598) | Microbacterium immunditiarum | 98.1 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 116 (KF682173) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.3 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 117 (KC964537) | Sinomonas atrocyanea | 98.0 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 118 (KF682174) | Streptomyces lannensis | 97.4 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 119 (KF682175) | Streptomyces gramineus | 97.8 | − | + | + | − |
| MUSC 120 (KF682176) | Sinomonas soli | 99.1 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 122 (KF682177) | Leifsonia soli | 99.5 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 123 (KF682178) | Streptomyces bungoensis | 97.1 | − | + | − | − |
| MUSC 124 (KF682179) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.9 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 125 (KF682180) | Streptomyces cinereospinus | 99.3 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 126 (KF682181) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 98.3 | − | + | − | − |
| MUSC 128 (KF682182) | Mycobacterium rufum | 96.7 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 133 (KF311014) | Streptomyces cinereospinus | 99.3 | MRSA (6) | − | + | − |
| MUSC 134 (KF682183) | Nocardia africana | 99.8 | − | + | + | + |
| MUSC 135 (KF195922) | Streptomyces cinereospinus | 99.2 | BC (4), MRSA (12), AH (4), ST (4) | − | + | − |
| MUSC 136 (KF682184) | Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes | 98.5 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 137 (KF311015) | Streptomyces cinereospinus | 99.2 | MRSA (4) | − | + | − |
| MUSC 138 (KF311016) | Streptomyces cinereospinus | 99.2 | MRSA (11) | − | + | − |
| MUSC 139 (KF682185) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.5 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 149 (KF682186) | Streptomyces gramineus | 97.9 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 152 (KF682187) | Mycobacterium setense | 97.9 | − | + | − | + |
| MUSC 153 (KF682188) | Streptomyces gramineus | 98.1 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 156 (KF682189) | Streptomyces lannensis | 97.3 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 163L (KF682190) | Leifsonia shinshuensis | 99.2 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 164 (KF311017) | Streptomyces albiflaviniger | 98.4 | BC (2), EF (1), MRSA (4) | + | − | − |
| MUSC 175 (KF682191) | Gordonia terrae | 99.9 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 179 (KF682192) | Microbacterium ketosireducens | 97.7 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 180 (KF682193) | Micromonospora siamensis | 97.9 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 181 (KF682194) | Mycobacterium rufum | 96.6 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 184 (KF682195) | Microbacterium azadirachtae | 97.7 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 185 (KF682196) | Mycobacterium crocinum | 97.9 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 187 (KF682197) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.9 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 189 (KF682198) | Mycobacterium poriferae | 98.7 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 190 (KF682199) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.9 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 192 (KF682200) | Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes | 98.7 | − | + | + | − |
| MUSC 193 (KF682201) | Streptomyces mexicanus | 98.0 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 196 (KF682202) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.8 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 201 (KC907394) | Nocardioides panacisoli | 95.1 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 227 (KF682203) | Streptomyces cinereospinus | 97.0 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 228 (KF682204) | Mycobacterium mageritense | 98.8 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 229 (KF682205) | Mycobacterium mageritense | 97.5 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 230 (KF682206) | Mycobacterium crocinum | 98.3 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 238 (KF682207) | Mycobacterium crocinum | 97.6 | − | − | − | + |
| MUSC 246 (KF682208) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.5 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 248 (KF682209) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.9 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 249 (KF682210) | Streptomyces misionensis | 98.3 | − | + | + | − |
| MUSC 251 (KF682211) | Streptomyces coeruleofuscus | 98.7 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 252 (KF682212) | Mycobacterium senegalense | 99.4 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 254 (KF682213) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.5 | − | + | − | − |
| MUSC 255 (KF682214) | Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes | 97.6 | − | − | + | − |
| MUSC 257 (KF682215) | Mycobacterium mageritense | 98.7 | − | − | − | + |
| MUSC 263 (KF682216) | Mycobacterium brisbanense | 98.2 | − | − | − | − |
| MUSC 275 (KF682217) | Mycobacterium poriferae | 99.0 | − | − | − | − |
aActivity estimated by measuring the diameter of the clear zone of the growth inhibition. −: no activity.
BS: Bacillus subtilis; BC: Bacillus cereus; EF: Enterococcus faecalis; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; SE: Staphylococcus epidermidis; AH: Aeromonas hydrophila; ST: Salmonella typhi.