. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 20.

Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2008 Jun 18;74(6):721–731. doi: 10.1038/ki.2008.264

Table 1.

Studies of fracture risk associated with CKD

Study	Definition of kidney function	Fracture site	Fracture risk (95% CI)^a
Dukas et al. (2005)²³	<65 ml/min	Hip	OR 1.57 (1.18–2.09)
		Wrist	OR 1.79 (1.39–2.31)
		Vertebral	OR 1.31 (1.19–1.55)
Nickolas et al. (2006)²⁴	<59 ml/min	Hip	OR 2.32 (1.13–4.74)
Ensrud et al. (2007)²⁵	45–59 ml/min	Hip	HR 1.24 (0.60–2.56)
	<45 ml/min		HR 1.41 (0.59–3.36)
	45–59 ml/min	Trochanteric	HR 3.69 (1.21–11.24)
	<45 ml/min		HR 5.04 (1.38–18.45)
Jamal et al. (2007)²⁶	<45 ml/min	Any fracture	OR 1.3 (1.0–1.6)^b
Jamal et al. (2007)²⁶	<45 ml/min	Vertebral	OR 2.5 (1.6–3.9)^b
Fried et al. (2007)²⁷	<60 ml/min	Hip	HR 1.38 (0.99–1.94)^b
	Per s.d. increase in cystatin C	Hip	HR 1.16 (1.01–1.33)^b

CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio.

After multivariate adjustment.

Women only.