Table 3.

Studies of bisphosphonates in patients with CKD

Study	Bisphosphonate	Range of kidney function (calculate by Cockcroft–Gault formula)	Mean duration of follow-up (years)	Bone histomorphometry	Comparison of adverse event rates in kidney dysfunction to the normal kidney function group	Clinical benefit
Jamal et al. (2007)26	Alendronate	> 20 ml/min	3	No	Equivalent	Alendronate was equivalently effective at increasing femoral neck and spine BMD in patients with and without kidney dysfunction. Spine and non-spine fractures were also reduced to a similar degree
Miller et al. (2005)84	Risedronate	> 13 ml/min	2	Yes	Equivalent	Risedronate increased BMD at all sites (spine and hip) and decreased fracture incidence for all kidney failure groups (mild, moderate, and severe)

BMD, bone mineral density; CKD, chronic kidney disease.