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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Thorac Surg. 2013 Sep 12;96(6):2168–2174. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.06.080

Table 3.

Total cohort mortality

Period 1 (N=172) Period 2 (N=138) Period 3 (N=202) p valuea
Observed In hospital mortality 12 (7.0 %) 3/134 (2.2%) 3 (1.5%) 0.02
Mean Expected In hospital mortality 3.19% 2.52% 2.96% 0.77
Observed/expected ratio 2.19 0.87 0.51 0.15
a)

p values determined by Fisher’s exact test, rank sum or Chi-square analysis as appropriate