Table 3. Linear mixed model results for measures of waggle-dance efficacy.

Response variable	Factor	Factor type	d.f.	Test statistic	P-value
Mean number of followers per dance circuit	substance	fixed (a = 2)	1,57.4	F = 0.08	p = 0.7835
	time of day	fixed (a = 3)	2,58.3	F = 0.72	p = 0.4895
	colony	random (a = 4)	–	Z = 0.87	p = 0.1922
Number of captured recruits per waggle run	substance	fixed (a = 2)	1,29.2	F = 0.04	p = 0.8479
	time of day	fixed (a = 3)	2,29.0	F = 4.09	p = 0.0272*
	colony	random (a = 2)	–	Z = 0.50	p = 0.3086
Number of captured recruits per dance bout	substance	fixed (a = 2)	1,29.3	F = 0.23	p = 0.6359
	time of day	fixed (a = 3)	2,29.1	F = 10.55	p = 0.0004**
	colony	random (a = 2)	–	Z = 0.39	p = 0.3486

* indicates a significant p-value (p<0.05), ** indicates a highly significant p-value (p<0.01).