Table 1.

Patient characteristics (n=49)

Characteristic	Value
Male, % (n/n)	67% (33/49)
Age at onset, median [IQR], years	56.1 [50.5 – 60.9]
Age at death, median [IQR], years	65.7 [58.9 – 70.4]
Disease duration, median [IQR], years	8.6 [5.7 – 12.9]
Predominant motor phenotype
MSA-P, % (n/n)	65 (32/49)
MAS-C, % (n/n)	35 (17/49)
Initial manifestation
Autonomic, % (n/n)	50 (23/47)
Parkinsonism, % (n/n)	30 (14/47)
Cerebellar, % (n/n)	20 (10/47)
Early motor disability
Frequent falls (≤ 3 years from onset), n/n	11/35
Aid-requiring walking (≤ 3 years from onset), n/n	7/28
Early respiratory impairment
Stridor (≤ 3 years from onset), n/n	4/6
Early autonomic failure
Orthostatism (≤ 1 year from onset), n/n	13/31
Bladder symptoms (≤ 1 year from onset), n/n	15/37
Bladder catheterization (≤ 3 years from onset), n/n	8/22
TST anhidrosis ≥ 40% (≤ 3 years from onset), n/n	8/15
CASS ≥ 6 (≤ 3 years from onset), n/n	13/21

Age at disease onset was available in 46 out of 49 patients. Frequent falls were defined as at least 2 falls per year or documentation of “frequent”, “several”, or “consistent” falls not attributed to orthostatism. Orthostatism was defined as history of presyncope/ syncope or evidence of orthostatic hypotension. CASS, composite autonomic severity score (CASS ≥ 6 indicates laboratory evidence of severe generalized autonomic failure); MSA-P, parkinsonian type MSA; MSA-C, cerebellar type MSA; TST, thermoregulatory sweat test (anhidrosis is reported as percentage of body surface not sweating; TST anhidrosis ≥ 40% indicates moderate-to-severe anhidrosis)