Table 2.

Relative risk for shorter survival on various clinical features among patients with MSA

Variable	No. of Patients	Hazard ratio (HR)
		Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P Value
Age at onset	46	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.03 *
Gender
Male	15	1.08 (0.58 – 2.10)	0.81	1.29 (0.68 – 2.56)	0.44
Female	31	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Clinical phenotype
MSA-P	30	0.80 (0.48 – 1.69)	0.71	0.98 (0.53 – 1.88)	0.95
MSA-C	16	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Time to orthostatism
≤ 1 year	13	1.32 (0.63 – 2.73)	0.46	1.30 (0.61 – 2.70)	0.48
>1 year	18	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Time of neurogenic bladder
≤ 1 year	15	1.27 (0.64 – 2.45)	0.49	1.21 (0.61 – 2.35)	0.58
>1 year	22	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Time to TST ≥ 40% anhidrosis
≤ 3 years	8	1.29 (0.44 – 3.95)	0.64	1.08 (0.27 – 4.26)	0.90
> 3 years	7	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Time to CASS ≥ 6
≤ 3 years	13	2.9 (1.07 – 9.18)	0.03*	2.8 (1.01 – 9.26)	0.047*
> 3 years	8	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Time to bladder catheterization
≤ 3 years	8	4.81 (1.57 – 16.25)	0.006*	4.42 (1.29 –	0.02*
> 3 years	14	1.0 (reference)		16 1.0 (reference) 55)
Time to frequent falls
≤ 3 years	11	0.51 (0.24 – 1.10)	0.09	1.57 (0.64 – 3.57)	0.31
> 3 years	24	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Time to aid-requiring walking
≤ 3 years	7	0.91 (0.35 – 2.08)	0.83	0.74 (0.27 – 1.78)	0.52
> 3 years	21	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)

^*Statistically significant

Age at disease onset was available in 46 out of 49 patients. Orthostatism was defined as history of presyncope/ syncope or evidence of orthostatic hypotension. CASS, Composite Autonomic Severity Score; MSA-P, parkinsonian type MSA; MSA-C, cerebellar type MSA; TST, thermoregulatory sweat test