Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients with refractory neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD)

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
▪ Age >18 years	▪ Age <18 years
▪ Refractory neurogenic LUTD	▪ Non-neurogenic LUTD
▪ Urgency frequency syndrome and/or urgency incontinence refractory to antimuscarinics (pharmacotherapy for at least 4 weeks with at least 2 antimuscarinics)	▪ Botulinum toxin injections into the detrusor and/or urethral sphincter in the last 6 months
▪ Chronic urinary retention refractory to alpha-blocker (pharmacotherapy with an alpha-blocker for at least 4 weeks)	▪ Pregnancy or breast feeding
▪ Combination of urgency frequency syndrome and/or urgency incontinence refractory to antimuscarinics (pharmacotherapy for at least 4 weeks with at least 2 antimuscarinics) and chronic urinary retention refractory to alpha-blocker (pharmacotherapy with an alpha-blocker for at least 4 weeks)	▪ Individuals especially in need of protection (according to Research with Human Subjects published by the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences ( http://www.samw.ch/en/News/News.html))
▪ Written informed consent	▪ No written informed consent