Table 2.

Association Between Self-Reported Past Year Criminal Justice Involvement and Hospital and Emergency Department Utilization, NSDUH 2008–2011 (N = 154,356)

	Past Year Hospitalization		Past Year ED Utilization
	Unadjusted Rate, % (95 % CI)	Adjusted Odds Ratio, OR (95 % CI)*	Unadjusted Rate, % (95 % CI)	Adjusted Odds Ratio, OR (95 % CI)†
Parole/Probation (N = 6,212)	12.3 (11.0–13.6)	1.21 (1.02–1.44)	39.3 (37.1–41.4)	1.26 (1.08–1.47)
Arrest Only (N = 4,586)	14.3 (12.1–16.5)	1.35 (1.12–1.63)	47.2 (44.2–50.2)	1.81 (1.53–2.15)
No Criminal Justice Involvement (N = 143,558)	10.5 (10.2–10.8)	1 [Reference]	26.9 (26.5–27.3)	1 [Reference]

Both models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, insurance, family income, employment, marital status, rural location, self-rated health, past year serious psychological distress, past year diagnoses (medical, communicable & psychiatric), past year substance abuse or dependence (alcohol, prescription drug, marijuana, other illicit drug) and past month nicotine dependence

NSDUH National Survey on Drug Use and Health; ED Emergency Department; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval

*Model included interaction terms for age and past year serious psychological distress

†Model included interaction terms for age and race/ethnicity