Table 4.
Association between chronic physical conditions and poor visual acuity
| DVA (OR) | DVA (AOR) | NVA (OR) | NVA (AOR) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angina | 1.57 (1.17-2.11) | 1.12 (0.84-1.51) | 1.43 (1.07-1.91) | 1.07 (0.78-1.48) |
| Asthma | 1.42 (1.04-1.95) | 1.02 (0.72-1.44) | 1.38 (0.99-1.93) | 1.04 (0.70-1.54) |
| Hypertension | 1.28 (1.08-1.52) | 0.87 (0.73-1.04) | 1.51 (1.23-1.78) | 1.10 (0.94-1.28) |
| Edentulism | 1.70 (1.33-2.18) | 1.12 (0.89-1.43) | 1.74 (1.42-2.14) | 1.16 (0.96-1.41) |
| Diabetes | 1.59 (1.28-1.98) | 1.27 (1.01-1.60) | 1.22 (0.86-1.75) | 1.15 (0.86-1.52) |
| Arthritis | 2.30 (1.92-2.75) | 1.79 (1.46-2.21) | 1.63 (1.33-1.98) | 1.16 (0.97 -1.40) |
| Chronic Lung D | 1.38 (0.99-1.93) | 1.02 (0.74-1.42) | 1.34 (0.90-2.02) | 1.06 (0.70-1.60) |
| Stroke | 1.87 (1.24-2.83) | 1.59 (1.05-2.42) | 3.53 (2.18-5.73) | 3.01 (1.86-4.87) |
| Number of physical conditions | ||||
| 1 | 1.67 (1.35-2.08) | 1.32 (1.07-1.63) | 1.63 (1.38-1.94) | 1.33 (1.13-1.57) |
| 2 | 1.95 (1.51-2.51) | 1.30 (1.00-1.67) | 2.06 (1.64-2.60) | 1.43 (1.13-1.81) |
| ≥3 | 2.83 (2.23-3.58) | 1.75 (1.38-2.23) | 2.64 (2.00-3.48) | 1.69 (1.27-2.24) |
DVA = distance visual acuity; NVA: near visual acuity; OR = Odds Ratio; AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio.
Note = Results with 95% Confidence interval. In bold, statistically significant (p < 0.05). AORs are based on logistic regression model including all medical conditions, age, gender, educational level, marital status, and urbanicity. For number of physical conditions, the adjusted models included number of physical conditions, age, gender, educational level, marital status, and urbanicity.