| Vegetation |
| Old trees |
Immediate dieback shortly after bark beetle invasion (Jonášová and Prach, 2004) |
| Seedlings |
Initially low, increase with time due to reduced shading, especially on deadwood (Jonášová and Prach, 2004) |
| Undergrowth |
Initially low, increase with time due to reduced shading (Jonášová and Prach, 2008) |
| |
|
| Resources |
| Photosynthesis |
Tree photosynthetic allocation stops immediately after bark beetle invasion, initially low production of undergrowth increases in time |
| Leaf litter |
Immediate increase in stock due to one-time litterfall during bark beetle invasion |
| Root litter |
Increase in stock due to tree dieback shortly after bark beetle invasion |
| Woody litter |
Slow input of fine debris in the first 2 years (twigs, bark), rapid input of coarse wood since 3 years after tree dieback |
| |
|
| Chemistry |
| Carbon |
Balance shifts rapidly from photosynthate-derived readily decomposable C to recalcitrant plant material (litter, wood), no significant trends in DOC content |
| Nitrogen |
No change in dissolved N; organic N decrease in soil since 2 years after tree dieback. Increase of inorganic forms of N (NO3− in litter, NH4 in soil) |
| Phosphorus |
Decrease of PO4
|
| Stoichiometry |
C/N decreases significantly in litter, marginally in soil |
| Decomposition |
Decomposition outweighs photosynthetic assimilation switching the ecosystem from a C-sink to C-source |
| Soil respiration |
Predicted to decrease with decreased allocation of photosynthates belowground (Högberg et al., 2001; Moore et al., 2013) |
| Enzyme activity |
Activity remains high in the year following tree dieback, substantial decrease afterwards |
| Microbial biomass |
No change in litter, slight decrease in soil |
| Fungal community |
Decrease of fungal biomass accompanied by the increase of bacterial/fungal biomass ratio |
| Tree root symbionts |
Most ECM fungi disappear within 1 year, only some persist longer |
| Ericoid mycorrhiza |
Present throughout |
| Arbuscular mycorrhiza |
Appearance in the late stage with the development of grass undergrowth |
| Root endophytes |
Present throughout, the increase in the year after dieback may be due to decomposition of dead roots |
| Soil and litter saprotrophs |
Increase in relative abundance with time; their community Undergoes successional changes: early decomposers are gradually replaced |
| Wood decaying fungi |
Predicted to increase on deadwood, appearance in litter increases in the late stage with accumulating deadwood |
| Lichenized fungi |
Relative abundance in litter increases with accumulating woody litter |
