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. 2014 Jul 14;15(7):12335–12363. doi: 10.3390/ijms150712335

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Illustration of DNA tertiary structures. (a) Curvature of the double helix over several bases results in a DNA bend (PDB code 1JJ4); (b) A DNA kink causes a change of strand orientation in an otherwise linear double strand (PDB code 2KEI); (c) Holliday junctions are formed by strand exchange between two DNA double helices (PDB code 2QNC); (d) Quadruplex DNA, a four-stranded structure, consists of guanine rich sequences, harbouring metal ions (highlighted in green) in the centre (PDB code 3QXR).