Figure 4.

Carnosic acid inhibits phosphorylation of Akt, Src, and FAK. B16F10 cells (1.0 × 10⁶ cells/dish) were plated then serum-starved. Serum-starved cells were treated with carnosic acid for 6 h. Total cell lysates were then subjected to immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. Photographs of chemiluminescent detection of the blots, which are representative of three independent experiments, are shown. The relative abundance of each band was estimated by densitometric scanning of the exposed films, and expression levels were normalized to β-actin (for Src, FAK, β-catenin, Akt, and ERK1/2) or the corresponding total protein (for P-Src, P-FAK, P-Akt, and P-ERK1/2). * Significantly different from the control (0 μmol/L carnosic acid), P < 0.05.