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. 2014 Jul 23;15(7):13091–13110. doi: 10.3390/ijms150713091

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The effect of DK223 on TGF-β1 expression and on dermal fibroblast signaling pathways in response to a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor. (A) Dermal fibroblasts were treated with 2 μM DK223 in serum-free media. TGF-β1 mRNA expression was examined in fibroblast cells treated with 2 μM DK223 for 48 h using RT-PCR with specific primers; (B,D) Dermal fibroblasts were treated with 2 μM DK223 in serum-free medium for different time periods; (C,E) Dermal fibroblasts were pretreated with 10 μM TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor (TGFRI)—LY2157299 before incubating with DK223 for 6 h. Signaling pathways were examined by Western blot with the specific antibodies indicated. A histogram shows the results of ImageJ data analysis. Values represent the means ± SD of three independent experiments, * p < 0.05 compared with the control in all under experiments.