Table 2.

Factors associated with multi-NRTI RAMs at first-line ART failure

			Univariate				Multivariate
	Total patients	Multi-NRTI RAMs	OR	95% CI	p	Global p*	OR	95% CI	p	Global p*
Age at genotyping (years)
≤30	19	6	1			0.630	1			0.268
31–40	59	21	1.20	0.40–3.61	0.749		0.49	0.12–1.91	0.302
41+	27	12	1.73	0.51–5.93	0.381		1.13	0.27–4.71	0.865
Sex
Male	69	26	1			0.874	1			0.972
Female	36	13	0.93	0.41–2.16	0.874		0.98	0.38–2.54	0.972
Mode of exposure
Heterosexual contact	76	29	1			0.128	1			0.788
Homosexual contact	19	4	0.43	0.13–1.43	0.169		0.77	0.20–2.92	0.700
Other/unknown	10	6	2.43	0.63–9.35	0.196		1.51	0.33–6.90	0.598
Failing NRTI backbone
3TC+d4T	46	19	1			0.035	1			0.172
3TC+AZT	33	16	1.34	0.54–3.29	0.527		1.74	0.62–4.89	0.293
Other	26	4	0.26	0.08–0.87	0.029		0.46	0.12–1.80	0.262
VL at genotyping (copies/ml)
≤10,000	44	11	1			0.093	1			0.060
10,001–100,000	38	18	2.70	1.06–6.87	0.037		3.73	1.24–11.23	0.019
>100,000	23	10	2.31	0.79–6.73	0.126		2.53	0.69–9.20	0.160
CD4 at genotyping (cells/µL)
≤200	58	28	3.50	1.37–8.91	0.009		4.43	1.59–12.37	0.004	0.004
>200	38	8	1			0.009	1
Missing	9	3	1.87	0.38–9.20	0.438		1.59	0.30–8.58	0.587
Years since ART initiation
≤2	49	9	1			<0.001	1			<0.001
>2	56	30	5.13	2.10–12.53	<0.001		6.25	2.39–16.36	<0.001
Previous AIDS
No	46	10	1			0.005	1			0.059
Yes	59	29	3.48	1.46–8.28	0.005		2.52	0.97–6.56	0.059
Subtype
B	17	8	1			0.358	1			0.328
Non-B	88	31	0.61	0.21–1.74	0.358		0.54	0.16–1.85	0.328

^*Global p-values are test for heterogeneity excluding not tested or missing values.

Results in bold represent significant covariates in the final model. Non-significant factors were presented in the multivariate model adjusted for significant predictors.

3TC=lamivudine; d4T=stavudine; AZT=zidovudine.