Table 4.
Factors associated with virological suppression at 12 months after switch to second-line ART
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Total patients | VL suppression | OR | 95% CI | p | Global p* | OR | 95% CI | p | Global p* | |
| GSS | ||||||||||
| <2.00 | 24 | 20 | 1 | 0.781 | 1 | 0.544 | ||||
| ≥2.00 | 63 | 54 | 1.20 | 0.33–4.34 | 0.781 | 1.56 | 0.37–6.56 | 0.544 | ||
| Age at switch to second-line ART (years) | ||||||||||
| ≤36 | 44 | 36 | 1 | 0.395 | 1 | 0.313 | ||||
| >36 | 43 | 38 | 1.69 | 0.51–5.65 | 0.395 | 1.98 | 0.52–7.46 | 0.313 | ||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 58 | 48 | 1 | 0.400 | 1 | 0.765 | ||||
| Female | 29 | 26 | 1.81 | 0.46–7.15 | 0.400 | 1.26 | 0.28–5.59 | 0.765 | ||
| Mode of exposure | ||||||||||
| Heterosexual contact | 60 | 52 | 1 | 0.386 | 1 | 0.646 | ||||
| Homosexual contact | 17 | 15 | 1.15 | 0.22–6.02 | 0.865 | 1.22 | 0.21–7.20 | 0.823 | ||
| Other/Unknown | 10 | 7 | 0.36 | 0.08–1.68 | 0.193 | 0.47 | 0.08–2.71 | 0.402 | ||
| VL at switch to second-line ART (copies/ml) | ||||||||||
| ≤10,000 | 36 | 32 | 1 | 0.698 | 1 | 0.946 | ||||
| 10,001–100,000 | 33 | 27 | 0.56 | 0.14–2.20 | 0.409 | 0.82 | 0.18–3.77 | 0.800 | ||
| >100,000 | 18 | 15 | 0.63 | 0.12–3.15 | 0.569 | 1.06 | 0.17–6.43 | 0.953 | ||
| CD4 at switch to second-line ART (cells/µL) | ||||||||||
| ≤200 | 50 | 41 | 1 | 0.545 | 1 | 0.167 | ||||
| >200 | 31 | 27 | 1.48 | 0.41–5.30 | 0.545 | 2.89 | 0.64–13.02 | 0.167 | ||
| Missing | 6 | 6 | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| Second-line NRTI backbone | ||||||||||
| 3TC+TDF | 28 | 23 | 1 | 0.565 | 1 | 0.234 | ||||
| AZT+TDF | 14 | 11 | 0.80 | 0.16–3.95 | 0.781 | 0.85 | 0.14–5.14 | 0.862 | ||
| Other | 45 | 40 | 1.74 | 0.45–6.65 | 0.419 | 3.45 | 0.67–17.74 | 0.138 | ||
| Years from ART initiation to second-line ART | ||||||||||
| ≤2 | 40 | 36 | 1 | 0.240 | 1 | 0.067 | ||||
| >2 | 47 | 38 | 0.47 | 0.13–1.66 | 0.240 | 0.23 | 0.05–1.11 | 0.067 | ||
| Previous AIDS at switch to second-line ART | ||||||||||
| No | 39 | 34 | 1 | 0.618 | 1 | 0.603 | ||||
| Yes | 48 | 40 | 0.74 | 0.22–2.46 | 0.618 | 0.71 | 0.19–2.62 | 0.603 | ||
| Subtype | ||||||||||
| B | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0.301 | 1 | 0.274 | ||||
| Non-B | 75 | 65 | 2.17 | 0.50–9.39 | 0.301 | 2.52 | 0.48–13.13 | 0.274 | ||
| Adherence in the first 12 months of second-line ART | ||||||||||
| Ever <95% | 16 | 9 | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.001 | ||||
| Always ≥95% | 65 | 60 | 9.33 | 2.43–35.81 | 0.001 | 9.33 | 2.43–35.81 | 0.001 | ||
| Missing | 6 | 5 | 3.89 | 0.37–41.32 | 0.260 | 3.89 | 0.37–41.32 | 0.260 | ||
*
Global p-values are test for heterogeneity excluding not tested or missing values.
Results in bold represent significant covariates in the final model. Non-significant factors were presented in the multivariate model adjusted for significant predictors.
3TC=lamivudine; TDF=tenofovir; AZT=zidovudine; VL=viral load.