Table 3.
Univariate analysis of the risk factors for pterygium.
| Risk factors | Participants number | Pterygium number | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| 50–59 | 8423 | 732 | 1.0 | 0.000 |
| 60–69 | 5187 | 607 | 1.392 (1.243–1.560) | |
| 70–79 | 3165 | 415 | 1.586 (1.395–1.802) | |
| ≥80 | 1041 | 122 | 1.395 (1.138–1.710) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 7803 | 809 | 1.0 | 0.534 |
| Female | 10013 | 1067 | 1.031 (0.936–1.136) | |
| Areas | ||||
| Rushan | 4994 | 558 | 1.0 | 0.012 |
| Huaiyin | 3040 | 341 | 1.004 (0.871–1.159) | |
| Tengzhou | 4916 | 522 | 0.944 (0.832–1.072) | |
| Juancheng | 4866 | 455 | 0.820 (0.720–0.934) | |
| Education | ||||
| Primary school and below | 13519 | 1481 | 1.0 | 0.001 |
| Junior school and above | 4297 | 395 | 0.823 (0.732–0.925) | |
| Outdoor time (hours per day) | ||||
| <4 | 6682 | 795 | 1.0 | 0.000 |
| ≥4 | 11134 | 1081 | 1.256 (1.140–1.384) | |
| Wearing hat and/or sunglasses | ||||
| No | 17,177 | 1,868 | 1.0 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 639 | 8 | 0.104 (0.052–0.209) | |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Never | 12,785 | 1,345 | 1.0 | 0.989 |
| Current | 4,330 | 456 | 1.001 (0.895–1.120) | |
| Past | 701 | 75 | 1.019 (0.797–1.303) | |
| Smoker | ||||
| Never | 12,908 | 1,354 | 1.0 | 0.811 |
| Current | 4,257 | 457 | 1.026 (0.917–1.148) | |
| Past | 651 | 65 | 0.947 (0.728–1.230) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 17,213 | 1,823 | 1.0 | 0.157 |
| Yes | 603 | 53 | 0.814 (0.611–1.083) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 15,196 | 1,592 | 1.0 | 0.576 |
| Yes | 2,620 | 284 | 1.039 (0.909–1.187) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||
| No | 17,229 | 1,820 | 1.0 | 0.427 |
| Yes | 587 | 56 | 0.893 (0.675–1.181) | |
| Cardiac diseases | ||||
| No | 16,766 | 1,759 | 1.0 | 0.505 |
| Yes | 1,050 | 117 | 1.070 (0.877–1.305) |