Table 1.
Characteristics of the study groups.
| Control group | T2DM without DPN group | T2DM with DPN group | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | 50 | 50 | 56 |
| Age (years) | 59 ± 7 | 59 ± 10 | 63 ± 7 |
| Sex (male/female) | 25/25 | 26/24 | 30/26 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 5.8 | 27.3 ± 7.1 | 28.1 ± 4.7 |
| Diabetes duration (years)∗ | — | 6 ± 3 | 18 ± 5 |
| HbA1C (%)∗ | — | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 8.8 ± 2.3 |
| Ankle brachial index† | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
| NSS† | 0 ± 0 | 2 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 |
| NDS‡ | 0 ± 0 | 2 ± 1 | 12 ± 7 |
| VPT‡ | 8 ± 2 | 14 ± 8 | 35 ± 17 |
| SWM‡ | 3.79 ± 0.52 | 4.12 ± 0.63 | 6.55 ± 0.78 |
Data are means ± SD. *P < 0.01 for T2DM without DPN versus T2DM with DPN; † P < 0.01 for control and T2DM without DPN versus T2DM with DPN; ‡ P < 0.001 for control and T2DM without DPN versus T2DM with DPN. NSS: neuropathy symptom score; NDS: neuropathy disability score; VPT: vibration perception threshold; SWM: Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments.