Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables by glucose group
| Characteristics | Overall n = 940 n (%) or mean ± sd | Low Glucose n = 440 n (%) or mean ± sd | Target Glucose n = 269 n (%) or mean ± sd | Elevated Glucose n = 231 n (%) or mean ± sd | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 ± 19 | 60 ± 20 | 59 ± 19 | 61 ± 17 | 0.7* |
| Sex (male) | 503 (54) | 251 (57) | 141 (52) | 111 (48) | 0.08 |
| Race | 0.2 | ||||
| Caucasian | 597 (64) | 296 (50) | 169 (28) | 132 (22) | |
| Latino | 134 (14) | 50 (37) | 41 (31) | 43 (32) | |
| Asian | 117 (12) | 54 (12) | 29 (11) | 34 (29) | |
| African American | 57 (6) | 26 (46) | 18 (32) | 13 (23) | |
| Other | 35 (4) | 14 (31) | 12 (34) | 9 (26) | |
| Heart Failure | 100 (11) | 44 (10) | 34 (13) | 22 (10) | 0.4 |
| Diabetes | 156 (17) | 35 (8) | 36 (13) | 85 (37) | <0.001 |
| Renal Disease | 100 (11) | 39 (9) | 26 (10) | 35 (15) | 0.04 |
| Hepatic Disease | 57 (6) | 20 (5) | 15 (6) | 22 (10) | 0.03 |
| Thyroid Disease | 97 (10) | 46 (10) | 28 (10) | 23 (10) | 0.9 |
| Proarrhythmic Drugs | 545 (58) | 189 (43) | 191 (71) | 165 (71) | <0.001 |
| Class III Antiarrhythmic Action¥ | 67 (7) | 13 (3) | 27 (10) | 27 (12) | <0.001 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | <0.001* |
| Chloride (mg/dL) | 100 ± 9 | 102 ± 11 | 99 ± 5 | 99 ± 5 | <0.001* |
| Sodium (mg/dL) | 135 ± 4 | 136 ± 4 | 134 ± 4 | 134 ± 5 | <0.001* |
| Calcium (mmol/dL) | 8.1 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 0.7 | 8.0 ± 0.7 | 8 ± 0.8 | <0.001* |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | <0.001* |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 158 ± 65 | 114 ± 16 | 159 ± 11 | 243 ± 74 | <0.001* |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 0.02 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (mg/dL) | 23 ± 18 | 20 ± 14 | 23 ± 17 | 29 ± 24 | <0.001* |
| Mean Heart Rate (bpm) | 80 ± 14 | 78 ± 14 | 84 ± 14 | 83 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Mean QTc Interval (msec) | 432 ± 28 | 430 ± 27 | 430 ± 27 | 437 ± 33 | 0.004* |
| QTc prolongation (>500msec) | 233 (25) | 66 (15) | 74 (28) | 93 (40) | <0.001 |
| Length of Stay (days) | 7 ± 11 | 4 ± 10 | 9 ± 10 | 10 ± 13 | <0.001* |
All laboratory values, including the glucose level used to stratify the sample, were defined as the peak level during hospitalization.
¥
dofetilide, sotalol, ibutilide, amiodarone, quinidine
*
Kruskal Wallis rank test (unequal variance between groups)