Table 2.

Differential methylation in cord blood DNA in relation to the timing of the mother’s smoking^a

Chrb	Gene	Distance to Genec	CpG	Positiond	Quit before pregnancy vs. never smokers			Quit during pregnancy by 18 weeks vs. never smokers			Smoked through gestational week 18 vs. never smokers
					Coefe	SEf	p-value	Coef	SE	p-value	Coef	SE	p-value
1	GFI1	3688	cg10399789	92945668	0.001	0.004	0.867	−0.008	0.005	0.091	−0.041	0.006	2.19E-10
1	GFI1	3224	cg09662411	92946132	0.002	0.005	0.654	−0.017	0.007	0.016	−0.082	0.009	7.47E-19
1	GFI1	3169	cg06338710	92946187	−0.002	0.004	0.581	−0.011	0.006	0.046	−0.063	0.009	2.02E-13
1	GFI1	2656	cg18146737	92946700	0.005	0.006	0.439	−0.021	0.008	0.011	−0.117	0.012	4.21E-23
1	GFI1	2531	cg12876356	92946825	0.006	0.007	0.415	−0.020	0.010	0.046	−0.134	0.012	1.62E-27
1	GFI1	2321	cg18316974	92947035	0.001	0.003	0.810	−0.010	0.004	0.016	−0.071	0.008	2.93E-18
1	GFI1	1768	cg09935388	92947588	0.010	0.008	0.227	−0.025	0.010	0.014	−0.149	0.013	7.74E-32
1	GFI1	1395	cg14179389	92947961	0.004	0.007	0.568	−0.011	0.008	0.155	−0.087	0.007	2.07E-35
5	AHRR	19617	cg23067299	323907	−0.002	0.004	0.569	0.000	0.004	1.000	0.030	0.005	1.77E-09
5	AHRR	64157	cg03991871	368447	−0.005	0.002	0.035	0.000	0.003	0.906	−0.021	0.003	4.23E-10
5	AHRR	69088	cg05575921	373378	−0.003	0.003	0.343	−0.004	0.004	0.302	−0.074	0.008	9.70E-22
5	AHRR	95070	cg21161138	399360	−0.006	0.003	0.033	−0.004	0.004	0.320	−0.031	0.004	9.79E-13
6	HLA-DPB2	11549	cg11715943	33091841	−0.003	0.003	0.411	0.003	0.004	0.364	−0.019	0.004	2.99E-06
7	MYO1G	16417	cg19089201	45002287	−0.002	0.002	0.473	0.001	0.002	0.562	0.013	0.002	4.08E-08
7	MYO1G	16218	cg22132788	45002486	−0.002	0.003	0.509	0.002	0.003	0.589	0.023	0.003	3.80E-14
7	MYO1G	15968	cg04180046	45002736	−0.001	0.004	0.747	0.001	0.005	0.896	0.061	0.007	1.39E-19
7	MYO1G	15785	cg12803068	45002919	−0.002	0.008	0.768	0.007	0.008	0.364	0.084	0.009	2.09E-20
7	ENSG00000225718	198306	cg04598670	68697651	−0.007	0.006	0.236	−0.014	0.008	0.076	−0.045	0.007	8.88E-10
7	CNTNAP2	854	cg25949550	145814306	0.001	0.001	0.327	−0.002	0.001	0.129	−0.016	0.001	1.01E-39
8	EXT1	−33821	cg03346806	119157879	−0.004	0.003	0.214	0.004	0.004	0.322	−0.014	0.004	1.64E-04
14	TTC7B	274756	cg18655025	91008005	−0.002	0.002	0.266	0.002	0.002	0.297	−0.011	0.003	5.31E-05
15	CYP1A1	−1266	cg05549655	75019143	−0.004	0.004	0.272	−0.004	0.004	0.338	0.036	0.006	2.63E-10
15	CYP1A1	−1374	cg22549041	75019251	−0.012	0.008	0.156	−0.011	0.010	0.278	0.065	0.011	1.57E-08
15	CYP1A1	−1406	cg11924019	75019283	−0.004	0.005	0.440	−0.005	0.006	0.433	0.039	0.006	1.43E-09
15	CYP1A1	−1425	cg18092474	75019302	−0.007	0.007	0.336	−0.011	0.009	0.238	0.060	0.010	2.05E-09
21	RUNX1	1746	cg12477880	36259241	−0.001	0.004	0.838	0.004	0.006	0.528	0.038	0.008	9.25E-07

^aN=1,042 individuals analyzed. Categorized using a combination of mother’s self-report and mother’s plasma cotinine measured during pregnancy at approximately gestational week 18, where cotinine values above 56.8 nmol/L indicate smoking. All analyses adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, and parity.

^bChromosome;

^cDistance (nucleotides) from CpG to transcription start site of the nearest gene;

^dChromosomal position based on NCBI human reference genome assembly Build 37.3;

^eRegression coefficient;

^fStandard error for regression coefficient. CpGs with p-values reaching a Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance threshold of 0.05/26=0.0019 are noted in bold.