. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 21.

Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev. 2011 May;101(3):435–441. doi: 10.1257/aer.101.3.435

Table II.

Effects of Superfund Cleanups on Birth Outcomes

	Cong. Anom. [1a]	Cong. Anom. [1b]	Low BW [2a]	Low BW [2b]	Pre- mature [3a]	Pre- mature [3b]	Infant Death [4a]	Infant Death [4b]
A. Full Sample
During^* Close	−0.0009 [0.0011]	−0.0011 [0.0011]	0.0016 [0.0027]	0.0013 [0.0030]	0.0003 [0.0025]	−0.0003 [0.0026]	−0.0009 [0.0011]	−0.0009 [0.0010]
After Clean^* Close	−0.0022^** [0.0010]	−0.0029^*** [0.0010]	−0.0020 [0.0030]	−0.0033 [0.0028]	−0.0036 [0.0026]	−0.0051^* [0.0027]	−0.0011 [0.0010]	−0.0011 [0.0009]
Mean Dep. Var.:	0.0112	0.0112	0.0795	0.0795	0.0880	0.0880	0.0079	0.0079
R-squared	0.0061	0.0126	0.0412	0.0585	0.014	0.0181	0.0028	0.0069
# Obs.	601949	599289	617698	615037	617792	615131	617792	615131
B. Top HRS Sites (Sites in the Top 1/3 of HRS Scores)
During^* Close	−0.0014 [0.0014]	−0.0021 [0.0015]	0.0002 [0.0044]	−0.0032 [0.0048]	−0.0023 [0.0040]	−0.0064 [0.0044]	−0.0036^** [0.0015]	−0.0032^** [0.0016]
After Clean^* Close	−0.0014 [0.0017]	−0.0026^* [0.0015]	−0.0048 [0.0049]	−0.0080 [0.0049]	−0.0041 [0.0036]	−0.0092^** [0.0042]	−0.0045^*** [0.0015]	−0.0044^*** [0.0015]
Mean Dep. Var.:	0.0120	0.0120	0.0811	0.0811	0.0899	0.0899	0.0074	0.0074
R-squared	0.0060	0.0142	0.0445	0.0712	0.0122	0.0195	0.0024	0.0098
# Obs.	260168	258970	267623	266425	267686	266488	267686	266488
Site FE	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Zip FE	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes

Notes: The table reports the coefficients and standard errors (in square brackets) associated with Close_ijt*During_ijt and Close_ijt*After_ijt from the estimation of alternative versions of equation (1). Standard errors are clustered at the county-year level. The sample is limited to singleton births within 5,000 meters of a site conceived between 4 years prior to the initiation of a cleanup and 4 years after completion are included. “Close” is defined as within 2000 meters of the site. Regressions include controls for race, maternal age, maternal education, maternal smoking, child parity, child gender, year of birth, and zip code.

^{*, **, and ***}

indicate significance at the 90%, 95%, and 99% levels. See the text for further details.