Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Follow-up Cohorts.*
| Characteristic | CPAP (N = 511) |
Surfactant (N = 479) |
Lower Oxygen Saturation (N = 479) |
Higher Oxygen Saturation (N = 511) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight — g | 849±186 | 852±193 | 858±186 | 844±192 |
| Gestational age at birth — wk | 26.3±1.1 | 26.3±1.1 | 26.3±1.1 | 26.2±1.0 |
| Small for gestational age — no. (%)† | 23 (4.5) | 32 (6.7) | 17 (3.5)‡ | 38 (7.4) |
| Male sex — no. (%) | 256 (50.1) | 266 (55.5) | 240 (50.1) | 282 (55.2) |
| Multiple birth — no. (%) | 138 (27.0) | 114 (23.8) | 124 (25.9) | 128 (25.0) |
| Maternal use of antenatal glucocorticoids — no. (%) | 493 (96.5) | 456 (95.2) | 462 (96.5) | 487 (95.3) |
| Cesarean section — no. (%) | 352 (68.9) | 315 (65.8) | 332 (69.3) | 335 (65.6) |
| Neonatal outcome — no./total no. (%)§ | ||||
| Severe retinopathy of prematurity | 62/479 (12.9) | 58/434 (13.4) | 38/442 (8.6)¶ | 82/471 (17.4) |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia‖ | 193/511 (37.8) | 187/479 (39.0) | 177/479 (37.0) | 203/511 (39.7) |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage of grade 3 or 4 or periventricular leukomalacia | 70/510 (13.7) | 46/478 (9.6) | 56/478 (11.7) | 60/510 (11.8) |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 56/511 (11.0)** | 30/479 (6.3) | 42/479 (8.8) | 44/511 (8.6) |
| Late-onset sepsis or meningitis | 167/511 (32.7) | 154/479 (32.2) | 155/479 (32.4) | 166/511 (32.5) |
| Use of postnatal glucocorticoids | 34/508 (6.7)** | 55/476 (11.6) | 41/477 (8.6) | 48/507 (9.5) |
| Corrected age at follow-up — mo | 19.9±2.4 | 20.1±2.7 | 19.9±2.4 | 20.2±2.7 |
Plus–minus values are means ±SD. There were no significant between-group differences, except as noted. Additional demographic characteristics of the cohorts are provided in Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix. CPAP denotes continuous positive airway pressure.
Infants who were small for gestational age were defined as those with a birth weight in less than the 10th percentile.
P<0.01 for the comparison with the higher-oxygen-saturation group.
The comparisons of neonatal outcomes were adjusted for stratification factors (study center and gestational-age group) and familial clustering.
P<0.001 for the comparison with the higher-oxygen-saturation group.
Assessment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia was performed at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age.
P<0.05 for the comparison with the surfactant group.