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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2014 Apr 25;17(5):647–651. doi: 10.1038/nn.3693

Figure 2. Smell is coded by projection neurons in the olfactory bulb whose spike rate is phase-locked to the breathing cycle.

Figure 2

(a) An odor delivery port was positioned in front of the nose of a head-fixed mouse. The animal was implanted with an intranasal cannula to log pressure and infer breathing and a multi-wire electrode head-stage to log mitral cell extracellular spiking. The pressure waveform of a typical breathing cycle indicates the onset of inspiration. (b) Raster plots of spiking for an example mitral cell in response to an odor stimulus. The light blue lines underlying the raster plots indicate the duration of the first breath after odor onset (c) Same raster plots as in panel b, but aligned by inspiration onset and temporally warped. The light blue lines indicate the temporally warped duration of the first sniff after odor onset and the vertical dashed lines indicate the beginning and end of inspiration intervals. (d) Distribution of the peak of the neuronal responses phase-shifts relative to the onset of inspiration (panel a) for a set of high signal-to-noise responses (78 out of 467 responses across 66 units in 7 mice). All panels adapted from reference 17.