Table 2.

Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (per standard deviation) for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Cardiovascular Health Study participants

	TGF-β				PIIINP				Combined
	N (cases/total)	HR	95% CI	P	N (cases/total)	HR	95% CI	P	N (cases/total)	HR	95% CI	P
Total CVD
Model 1*	540/1371	1.08	0.99, 1.19	0.08	1017/2568	1.11	1.05, 1.18	<0.001	525/1330	1.15	1.06, 1.26	0.002
Model 2†	540/1371	1.06	0.97, 1.17	0.19	1017/2568	1.07	1.01, 1.14	0.03	525/1330	1.12	1.02, 1.23	0.02
Heart Failure
Model 1*	432/1555	1.06	0.96, 1.17	0.28	855/2940	1.13	1.06, 1.21	<0.001	422/1577	1.11	1.00, 1.23	0.04
Model 2†	432/1555	1.05	0.94, 1.17	0.39	855/2940	1.08	1.01, 1.16	0.03	422/1577	1.07	0.96, 1.19	0.20
Myocardial infarction
Model 1*	225/1510	1.04	0.90, 1.20	0.57	452/2882	1.05	0.95, 1.16	0.32	216/1465	1.00	0.87, 1.17	0.91
Model 2†	225/1510	1.04	0.90, 1.20	0.61	452/2882	1.03	0.93, 1.14	0.60	216/1465	0.99	0.85, 1.15	0.86
Stroke
Model 1*	249/1600	1.13	0.99, 1.28	0.07	454/3036	1.10	1.01, 1.20	0.04	241/1549	1.22	1.08, 1.39	0.002
Model 2†	249/1600	1.12	0.98, 1.28	0.10	454/3036	1.07	0.98, 1.17	0.16	241/1549	1.22	1.08, 1.39	0.002

Abbreviations – Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Confidence interval (CI), Hazard ratio (HR), Procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)

1 Standard deviation = 3951.75 ng/L (TGF-β); 1.78 ng/mL (PIIINP)

^*Adjusted for age, sex, race, clinic.

^†Adjusted for age, sex, race, clinic, smoking status, pack years, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, physical activity, alcohol use, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension medications, statins.