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Schematic of ADCY5 function in human β-cells. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion relies on KATP-dependent and -independent signals. The latter include cAMP generation, and this likely requires ADCY5 activation by the sugar to increase ATP generation, Ca2+ influx, and exocytosis (left panel). By contrast, incretins such as GLP-1, believed primarily to engage cAMP-signaling pathways, may potentiate insulin secretion via other ADCY isoforms (right panel). PKA, protein kinase A.
