Table 4.
Study variables extracted from electronic records and other sources
| Study variables extracted | Total # of studies |
# with EDR data |
# with EMR data |
# with other sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient-level variables | ||||
| Age | 43 | 22 | 14 | 7 |
| Sex | 34 | 17 | 10 | 7 |
| Race/ethnicity | 16 | 4 | 9 | 3 |
| Weight/height/BMI | 15 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Insurance | 13 | 7 | 6 | 0 |
| Social-economic status | 11 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Vital status | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Medical/primary care use | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Marital status | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Education level | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Other patient-level variables (e.g., birth weight, vaccination, Apgar scores, etc) |
20 | 6 | 8 | 6 |
| Dental treatment variables | ||||
| Restorative treatment | 15 | 13 | 0 | 2 |
| Endodontic treatment | 14 | 11 | 0 | 4 |
| Periodontal treatment | 13 | 6 | 0 | 7 |
| Surgical treatment | 9 | 7 | 0 | 2 |
| PDTP treatment | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Surgeries (ENT, face, etc) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Orthodontic treatment | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Dentures | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Other treatment variables (e.g., diagnoses, techniques, codes, etc) |
15 | 13 | 1 | 1 |
| Tooth-level variables | ||||
| Caries activities | 13 | 8 | 1 | 4 |
| Dmfs and/or DMFS | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Tooth type | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
| # of proximal contacts | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Tooth arch | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Periapical lesion on root | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Tooth number | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Pulp diagnosis | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Other tooth-level variables (# of good, missing teeth, alveolar bone loss, etc) |
17 | 5 | 0 | 12 |
| Dental history | ||||
| Gums bleeding | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Orofacial injuries/infections | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Osteonecrosis of the jaw | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Dental anxiety | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| History of wearing denture | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Atypical odontalgia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Other dental conditions (e.g. pain, dry socket, etc) |
9 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Diabetes (diagnosis, glucose level, GHb, A1c) |
17 | 3 | 12 | 2 |
| Smoking status/use | 16 | 5 | 10 | 1 |
| Heart diseases | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Immune disorders (HIV, lupus, etc) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Cancer | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypertension | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholesterol values (HDL, LDL, triglycerides) |
3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Other medical conditions (e.g. dementia, pneumonia, injuries, etc) |
20 | 4 | 10 | 6 |
| Medications | ||||
| Name/type of medication | 21 | 7 | 9 | 5 |
| Numbers of medication | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Dosage/duration of medication | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Health behaviors/risks & social factors | ||||
| Oral status (brushing, flossing, stain) | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Fluoridated water | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Alcohol/substance use | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Sugar consumption | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Mental health | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Caries/perio risk | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Oral health (good, fair, etc) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Sore risk | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Fall risk | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Grind or clench teeth | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Activity level | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Participation in community | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Other variables | ||||
| Provider (type, age, sex) | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Number of dental/medical care visits | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| Date of visits | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Experience of provider | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| New vs. old patients | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Type of visits | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Home-hospital distance | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Diabetes-related visits/hospital admission |
4 | 0 | 4 | 0 |