Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of African American and white patients with type 2 diabetes*
| Glomerular filtration rate at baseline (mL/min/1.73 m2) | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ≥90 | 75–89 | 60–74 | 30–59 | 15–29 | |
| African American | ||||||
| No. of participants | 9 293 | 3 483 | 2 147 | 1 369 | 159 | |
| Age (year) | 47.9 (9.2) | 51.1 (9.5) | 54.8 (9.4) | 57.0 (10.6) | 54.4 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| Income ($/family) | 9 924 (6 960–14 760) | 9 864 (7 128–14 676) | 9 804 (7 236–14 400) | 9 630 (7 230–14 010) | 9 756 (7 440–13 986) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 33.7 (8.6) | 34.4 (8.3) | 33.9 (7.9) | 33.0 (7.8) | 32.6 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Systolic | 145 (24) | 147 (24) | 148 (25) | 150 (27) | 154 (31) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 83 (13) | 82 (14) | 81 (14) | 81 (15) | 81 (17) | 0.849 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185 (157–214) | 184 (157–214) | 184 (156–215) | 187 (157–218) | 180 (149–216) | 0.168 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43 (36–52) | 43 (36–52) | 44 (36–53) | 43 (35–52) | 43 (33–52) | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111 (87–137) | 112 (88–138) | 110 (87–138) | 111 (87–138) | 106 (78–137) | 0.484 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 104 (74–153) | 106 (75–153) | 106 (76–156) | 118 (83–170) | 128 (93–180) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.4 (2.8) | 7.9 (2.6) | 7.8 (2.5) | 7.8 (2.6) | 7.6 (2.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (gm/dL) | 3.75 | 3.76 | 3.73 | 3.61 | 3.30 | <0.001 |
| Obesity status (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Normal weight (<25) | 14.1 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 15.7 | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 23.9 | 21.4 | 23.4 | 25.6 | 28.3 | |
| Obesity class I (30.0–34.9) | 23.8 | 26.4 | 26.6 | 25.4 | 26.4 | |
| Obesity class II (≥35.0) | 38.3 | 41.5 | 39.4 | 35.7 | 29.6 | |
| Current smoker (%) | 35.2 | 32.5 | 27.0 | 26.4 | 21.3 | <0.001 |
| Medication use (%) | ||||||
| Blood pressure | 92.2 | 94.5 | 96.3 | 97.2 | 96.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 87.3 | 83.8 | 84.8 | 82.7 | 80.0 | 0.004 |
| Cholesterol | 67.1 | 71.3 | 73.7 | 79.5 | 74.0 | <0.001 |
| White | ||||||
| No. of participants | 4 661 | 3 029 | 2 505 | 1 624 | 121 | |
| Age (year) | 48.7 (8.9) | 52.4 (10.1) | 54.6 (9.7) | 58.9 (9.8) | 56.8 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Income ($/family) | 11 520 (7 476–16 380) | 11 568 (7 716–16 584) | 11 694 (7 530–16 050) | 11 436 (8 088–16 356) | 11 646 (8 333–15 636) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 34.9 (9.1) | 35.0 (8.6) | 35.2 (8.6) | 34.7 (8.6) | 34.3 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Systolic | 141 (22) | 141 (21) | 142 (22) | 143 (24) | 142 (26) | 0.749 |
| Diastolic | 79 (12) | 78 (13) | 78 (12) | 75 (14) | 75 (15) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 190 (161–222) | 189 (162–222) | 190 (161–221) | 186 (155–219) | 170 (137–205) | 0.025 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 40 (33–48) | 40 (33–48) | 40 (34–48) | 41 (34–48) | 38 (32–45) | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 110 (86–136) | 111 (86–137) | 109 (84–137) | 103 (79–133) | 90 (66–125) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 151 (102–216) | 153 (104–216) | 155 (107–226) | 159 (111–226) | 167 (115–245) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.9 (2.3) | 7.2 (2.0) | 7.1 (2.0) | 7.1 (1.9) | 7.3 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (gm/dL) | 3.86 | 3.90 | 3.87 | 3.79 | 3.50 | <0.001 |
| Obesity status (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Normal weight (<25) | 12.0 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 13.2 | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 20.3 | 21.2 | 21.1 | 21.4 | 21.5 | |
| Obesity class I (30.0–34.9) | 23.3 | 25.8 | 25.3 | 27.3 | 20.7 | |
| Obesity class II (≥35.0) | 44.3 | 43.8 | 45.1 | 41.5 | 44.6 | |
| Current smoker (%) | 41.8 | 37.8 | 34.0 | 26.1 | 21.7 | <0.001 |
| Medication use (%) | ||||||
| Blood pressure | 90.0 | 91.6 | 93.9 | 96.0 | 96.6 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 87.6 | 83.9 | 82.3 | 83.6 | 95.4 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol | 73.4 | 77.7 | 79.8 | 82. 8 | 85.1 | <0.001 |
*
Data are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range)
Body mass index was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
Values are adjusted for age.