Fig. 1.

Chronicle development of on-chip sample preparation system: microfabricated nanobarb for mechanical cell lysis (2003) [37], sample preservation utilizing a naturally reoccurring organic compound (2004) [8], on-chip electrochemical integration for membrane disruption (2005) [31], innovative method for soft sample mixing through a SlipChip system (2009) [48], and gravity-driven fluid dynamic blood–plasma separation (2011) [19]. Reproduced from [8], [19], [31], [37], and [48] with permission.