Table 1. Characteristics of patients in the ClinSurv- HIV Drug Resistance Study centers and of patients with available resistance test.
| Resistance Study centres, patients without resistance test | Patients with resistance test | ||||||||||||||
| Patients | Total number of patients | ART naïve group | ART experienced | Total number of patients | Total number of sequences | Sequences from naïve patients | Sequences from treated patients | p value | |||||||
| Total, n (%) | 6261 | (100,0%) | 4895 | (100,0%) | 5262 | (100,0%) | 3267 | (100,0%) | 4989 | (100,0%) | 2365 | (100,0%) | 2495 | (100,0%) | |
| Median age at enrolment in years (IQR) | 36,5 | (30,5–43,9) | 36,0 | (29,9–43,2) | 37,0 | (31,1–44,5) | 36,8 | (30,3–44,1) | 36,7 | (30,3–44,0) | 37,0 | (30,1–44,1) | 36,4 | (30,3–44,0) | 0.765 |
| Median age at genotyping in years (IQR) | 39,6 | (33,0–47,0) | 40,2 | (33,6–47,6) | 38,0 | (31,0–45,0) | 42,4 | (36,6–49,8) | |||||||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Men | 5110 | (81,6%) | 3969 | (81,1%) | 4.310 | (81,9%) | 2683 | (82,1%) | 4028 | (80,7%) | 1966 | (83,1%) | 1967 | (78,8%) | |
| Women | 1151 | (18,4%) | 926 | (18,9%) | 952 | (18,1%) | 584 | (17,9%) | 961 | (19,3%) | 399 | (16,9%) | 528 | (21,2%) | 0.518 |
| Mode of HIV transmission, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Men who have sex with men | 3575 | (57,1%) | 2770 | (56,6%) | 3.030 | (57,6%) | 1904 | (58,3%) | 2776 | (55,6%) | 1405 | (59,4%) | 1316 | (52,7%) | |
| Heterosexuals | 729 | (11,6%) | 610 | (12,5%) | 617 | (11,7%) | 445 | (13,6%) | 673 | (13,5%) | 346 | (14,6%) | 311 | (12,5%) | 0.041 |
| High prevalence country | 656 | (10,5%) | 513 | (10,5%) | 565 | (10,7%) | 405 | (12,4%) | 712 | (14,3%) | 276 | (11,7%) | 418 | (16,8%) | 0.034 |
| Intravenous drug use | 551 | (8,8%) | 434 | (8,9%) | 435 | (8,3%) | 180 | (5,5%) | 249 | (5,0%) | 77 | (3,3%) | 162 | (6,5%) | <0.001 |
| Others | 89 | (1,4%) | 59 | (1,2%) | 77 | (1,5%) | 38 | (1,2%) | 93 | (1,9%) | 24 | (1,0%) | 53 | (2,1%) | 0.209 |
| Unknown | 661 | (10,6%) | 509 | (10,4%) | 538 | (10,2%) | 295 | (9,0%) | 486 | (9,7%) | 237 | (10,0%) | 235 | (9,4%) | 0.019 |
| Region of origin, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Germany | 4729 | (75,5%) | 3706 | (75,7%) | 3.990 | (75,8%) | 2416 | (74,0%) | 3574 | (71,6%) | 1783 | (75,4%) | 1699 | (68,1%) | |
| Africa, Near East | 571 | (9,1%) | 439 | (9,0%) | 486 | (9,2%) | 379 | (11,6%) | 679 | (13,6%) | 252 | (10,7%) | 410 | (16,4%) | <0.001 |
| Western Europe | 242 | (3,9%) | 182 | (3,7%) | 199 | (3,8%) | 113 | (3,5%) | 177 | (3,5%) | 70 | (3,0%) | 103 | (4,1%) | 0.441 |
| Central Europe | 201 | (3,2%) | 164 | (3,4%) | 171 | (3,2%) | 123 | (3,8%) | 192 | (3,8%) | 92 | (3,9%) | 100 | (4,0%) | 0.124 |
| Asia | 152 | (2,4%) | 123 | (2,5%) | 136 | (2,6%) | 74 | (2,3%) | 129 | (2,6%) | 61 | (2,6%) | 64 | (2,6%) | 0.738 |
| America, Oceania | 145 | (2,3%) | 106 | (2,2%) | 122 | (2,3%) | 65 | (2,0%) | 89 | (1,8%) | 44 | (1,9%) | 44 | (1,8%) | 0.388 |
| Eastern Europe | 85 | (1,4%) | 70 | (1,4%) | 62 | (1,2%) | 54 | (1,7%) | 72 | (1,4%) | 48 | (2,0%) | 21 | (0,8%) | 0.215 |
| Unknown | 136 | (2,2%) | 105 | (2,1%) | 96 | (1,8%) | 43 | (1,3%) | 77 | (1,5%) | 15 | (0,6%) | 54 | (2,2%) | 0.007 |
| Calender year of genotyping, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| 1998–2000 | 53 | (1,6%) | 58 | (1,2%) | 4 | (0,2%) | 42 | (1,7%) | |||||||
| 2001–2004 | 632 | (19,3%) | 920 | (18,4%) | 265 | (11,2%) | 603 | (24,2%) | |||||||
| 2005–2008 | 1523 | (46,6%) | 2265 | (45,4%) | 1039 | (43,9%) | 1181 | (47,3%) | |||||||
| 2009–2011 | 1059 | (32,4%) | 1746 | (35,0%) | 1057 | (44,7%) | 669 | (26,8%) | |||||||
| HIV-1 Subtype, n (%) | first sequence | for each sequence | |||||||||||||
| Subtype B | 2240 | (68,6%) | 3397 | (68,1%) | 1574 | (66,6%) | 1733 | (69,5%) | |||||||
| Subtype A | 281 | (8,6%) | 432 | (8,7%) | 220 | (9,3%) | 198 | (7,9%) | |||||||
| Subtype C | 98 | (3,0%) | 157 | (3,1%) | 77 | (3,3%) | 76 | (3,0%) | |||||||
| HIV-1 CRF 02_AG | 96 | (2,9%) | 148 | (3,0%) | 75 | (3,2%) | 71 | (2,8%) | |||||||
| Subtype G | 53 | (1,6%) | 105 | (2,1%) | 47 | (2,0%) | 54 | (2,2%) | |||||||
| Subtype D | 27 | (0,8%) | 42 | (0,8%) | 23 | (1,0%) | 19 | (0,8%) | |||||||
| HIV-1 CRF 06_CPX | 24 | (0,7%) | 40 | (0,8%) | 16 | (0,7%) | 23 | (0,9%) | |||||||
| Subtype F | 12 | (0,4%) | 15 | (0,3%) | 8 | (0,3%) | 5 | (0,2%) | |||||||
| Other HIV-1 subtypes | 13 | (0,4%) | 29 | (0,6%) | 10 | (0,4%) | 19 | (0,8%) | |||||||
| Not typeable | 423 | (12,9%) | 624 | (12,5%) | 315 | (13,3%) | 297 | (11,9%) | |||||||
| CD4 count (cells/µl) at presentation, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| <50 | 526 | (8,4%) | 316 | (9,7%) | |||||||||||
| 50–200 | 1115 | (17,8%) | 649 | (19,9%) | |||||||||||
| >200–350 | 1137 | (18,2%) | 737 | (22,6%) | |||||||||||
| >350–500 | 1080 | (17,2%) | 586 | (17,9%) | |||||||||||
| >500 | 1527 | (24,4%) | 700 | (21,4%) | |||||||||||
| Missing | 876 | (14,0%) | 279 | (8,5%) | |||||||||||
| Median CD4 count (IQR; range) | 340 | (161–536; 0–3231) | 310 | (147–490; 0–2946) | |||||||||||
IQR: interquartile ranges;
Other HIV-1 subtypes included subtype J (n = 1) and the circulating recombinant forms: 05_DF, 01_AE, 11_CPX, 03_AB, 13_CPX, 10_CD, 12_BF, 18_cpx, 27_cpx, 43_02G;