Table 1. Stepwise Logistic Regression Models of the Association of Self-Reported Hearing Impairment and Frailty in Adults aged 70 and Older in NHANES 1999–2002.
All Participants | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio of Frailty (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio of Frailty (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio of Frailty (95% CI) | p-value | |
Hearing loss alone | 1.79 (1.29, 2.50) | .001 | 1.29 (0.83, 2.01) | .25 | 3.47 (1.97, 6.10) | <.001 |
Base model (Hearing loss + age) | 1.52 (1.08, 2.14) | .02 | 1.20 (0.74, 1.93) | .45 | 2.74 (1.46, 5.12) | .003 |
Base model + demographic factorsb | 1.59 (1.12, 2.25) | .01 | 0.95 (0.55, 1.65) | .86 | 2.78 (1.56, 4.97) | .001 |
Base model + demographic factors + cardiovascular risk factorsc | 1.54 (1.05, 2.25) | .03 | 0.83 (0.47, 1.46) | .51 | 2.84 (1.55, 5.20) | .001 |
Base model + demographic factors + cardiovascular risk factors + hearing aid use | 1.80 (1.08, 2.98) | .02 | 0.95 (0.50, 1.81) | .88 | 3.60 (1.74, 7.44) | .001 |
Base model + demographic factors + cardiovascular risk factors + hearing aid use + general health status | 1.68 (1.00, 2.82) | .05 | 0.85 (0.44, 1.66) | .62 | 3.79 (1.69, 8.51) | .002 |
Sampling weights were used in these calculations.
Demographic factors include: gender, race, education, income, and body mass index (BMI). Note gender was removed from analyses stratified by gender.
Cardiovascular risk factors include: smoking status, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes.