Table 1.
In vitro and in vivo stimuli of LOX-1 expression/activation
| In vitro | |
| Pro-inflammatory cytokines | Stimuli in hypertension |
| Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) | Angiotensin II (Ang-II) |
| Interleukin-1 (IL-1) | Endothelin-1 (ET-1) |
| Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) | Aldosterone |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | Fluid shear stress |
| Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) | Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) |
| Atherogenic stimuli | Hyperglycemic stimuli |
| Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) | High glucose (HG) |
| Homocysteine (Hcy) | Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) |
| Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) | Other |
| Palmitic acid (PA) | Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) |
| In vivo | |
| Atherosclerosis | Hypertension |
| Hyperlipidemia | Ischemia reperfusion injury |
| Diabetes mellitus | Psychological stress |
| Obesity | Transplantation |
| HIV infection | Heart failure |