Table 1.

Examples of Gelatin Modifications

Modification outcomes	Advantages	Applications
Stealth delivery	Reduced immunogenicity Prolonged circulatory time Evasion of reticuloendothelial uptake	PEGylated nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery [17, 36] PEGylated/thiolated nanoparticles for intracellular DNA delivery [37] PEGylated nanocarriers for anti-inflammatory drug release [28]
Enhanced drug stabilization and loading efficiency	Tunable hydrophobicity of the carrier Higher drug encapsulation efficiency More stable complexation between carrier and drug	Succinylated gelatin for angiogenesis [20] Cationized microparticles for siRNA delivery [34, 38] Hexanoyl anhydride grafted-nanoparticles for anticancer drug release [39]
Targeted drug delivery	Highly selective cell targeting Reduced side-effects Lower systemic cytotoxicity	Introduction of EGFR-recognition sequence for gene delivery in pancreatic cancer [40] EGF-modified nanoparticles for aerosol delivery to lung cancer [35, 41] PEG/peptide conjugated nanoparticles for brain drug delivery [42]