Table 3. Case study summary.

Advantages, disadvantages and specific contributions to drug delivery of the 7 highlighted DDS.

DDS	Case Study (Target Disease)	Advantages Compared to Alternatives	General Disadvantages	Case Study Contribution
Microparticle Depots	Lupron Depot® (Cancer)	Longer-lasting Lowers Injection Frequency	Potential Production Issues	One of the first examples of controlled peptide delivery Changed the way peptide/proteins can be delivered
Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment	Doxil® (Cancer)	EPR Targeted Long-Circulating Less Side-Effects	Lacks Active Targeting EPR Effect can be Unpredictable	First FDA approved intravenous cancer nanoparticle
Transdermal Devices	Duragesic® (Pain Relief)	Extended Release Patient Compliant Designated Dose	Limited Permeability Through Skin	Took a relevant therapeutic and provided a means for widespread self administration
Oral Delivery Systems	OROS® (Various, see Table 5)	Designated Dose Patient Compliant	Limited Delivery of Peptides and Proteins Unidirectional Release Led to GI Irritation and Ulcers	Platform technology that is still relevant and delivers new therapeutics over 30 years later
Pulmonary Delivery Systems	MDI Inhalers (Asthma)	Designated Dose Patient Compliant	Requires Patient Trained in Inhaler Use Challenging to Delivery Large Molecules	Transformed pulmonary delivery by offering controlled, on-demand delivery
Implants	Vitrasert (CMV Retinitis)	Lasts 5-8 Months Instead of Weekly Limits Number of Injections/Procedures Done to Eye	Invasive Surgery for Insertion and Removal Potentially Lacks Systemic Treatment	Limited the number of invasive procedures in favor or less-invasive, longer-lasting implants
Antibody Drug Conjugates	Kadcyla® (Cancer)	Both Targeted and Highly Potent ADCs can use already FDA approved molecules	New DDS and Not Yet Optimized Same Issues that Face mAb	DDS that utilized an already FDA approved molecule (Trastuzumab) to permit the delivery of highly toxic agents