Appendix Table 6.
Mean change in calories purchased per capita between 2000 and 2011 (± standard error) for selected commercially packaged foods and beverages among households with children ages 2–5 years by head of household race/ethnicity, female head of household education, and household income as a percent of Federal Poverty Level (FPL)*
| Race | Female head of household education |
Household income, %FPL | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White |
Non-Hispanic Black |
Hispanic | <High school diploma |
High school graduate |
College graduate |
<130% FPL | 130–185%FPL | >185% FPL | |
| Total beverage calories | −102 ± −1 | −92 ± −1 | −100 ± 0 | −110 ± 0 | −95 ± −1‡ | −104 ± −1 | −78 ± −2§ | −105 ± −1 | −103 ± −1 |
| Soft drinks | −28 ± −1 | −28 ± 0 | −24 ± 0 | −42 ± 0‡ | −31 ± 0‡ | −23 ± −1 | −20 ± −1§ | −30 ± −1§ | −28 ± −1 |
| Juice and juice drinks | −24 ± 0 | −26 ± 0 | −22 ± 0 | −18 ± 0‡ | −21 ± 0‡ | −27 ± 0 | −18 ± −1§ | −21 ± 0§ | −26 ± 0 |
| Milk | −41 ± −1 | −34 ± 0† | −41 ± 0 | −38 ± 0 | −36 ± −1‡ | −44 ± −1 | −36 ± −1 | −47 ± −1§ | −40 ± −1 |
| Sweetened milk | 1 ± 0 | 2 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 2 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 2 ± 0 | 2 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 2 ± 0 |
| Other beverage calories | −10 ± −1 | −6 ± 0 | −14 ± 0 | −14 ± 0 | −9 ± 0 | −11 ± 0 | −6 ± −1§ | −8 ± 0 | −11 ± 0 |
| Total food calories | −198 ± −6 | −204 ± −4 | −134 ± −2† | −201 ± −2 | −188 ± −4 | −189 ± −6 | −176 ± −7 | −193 ± −5 | −190 ± −5 |
| Grain-based desserts | −24 ± −1 | −24 ± −1 | −19 ± 0 | −25 ± 0 | −23 ± −1 | −24 ± −1 | −15 ± −1§ | −22 ± −1 | −26 ± −1 |
| Savory snacks | −18 ± −1 | −11 ± −1 | −14 ± 0 | −24 ± 0 | −17 ± −1 | −16 ± −1 | −15 ± −1 | −19 ± −1 | −17 ± −1 |
| Ready-to-eat cereals | −2 ± 0 | −4 ± 0 | −4 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | −5 ± 0 | −6 ± −1 | −5 ± −1 | −7 ± 0 | −5 ± 0 |
| Sweet snacks & candy | −14 ± −1 | −16 ± −1 | −6 ± 0 | −11 ± 0 | −11 ± −1 | −15 ± −1 | −13 ± −1 | −15 ± −1 | −13 ± −1 |
| Processed meats | −4 ± 0 | −13 ± 0† | −5 ± 0 | −7 ± 0 | −6 ± 0 | −4 ± 0 | −4 ± −1 | −6 ± 0 | −5 ± 0 |
| Other food calories | −126 ± −4 | −127 ± −3 | −82 ± −2† | −124 ± −1 | −120 ± −3 | −117 ± −4 | −20 ± −1 | −30 ± −1 | −28 ± −1 |
| Total calories per day | −299 ± −7 | −296 ± −4 | −233 ± −2† | −311 ± −2 | −282 ± −5 | −291 ± −6 | −256 ± −8 | −298 ± −6 | −291 ± −6 |
Models were adjusted for head of household race/ethnicity, household income, female head of household education, household composition, food prices, market, quarter and unemployment rate. Values shown were calculated using coefficients from the fitted model, which included the following interaction terms: 1) race/ethnicity * time; 2) household income * time; and 3) female head of household education * time. The post-estimation “margins” command and the “dydx” option in Stata (version 12) were used to obtain the change in calories purchased over the change in time (from 2000 to 2011).
Change from 2000 to 2011 was significant different from that of non-Hispanic Whites, p<0.01
Change from 2000 to 2011 was significant different from that of households with female head of household education level less than a high school diploma, p<0.01
Change from 2000 to 2011 was significant different from that of households earning less than 130% FPL, p<0.01