Extended Data Figure 6. Dependence of insulin and glucagon secretion on the route of glucose administration (oral or i.p.) due to both the ‘incretin effect’ and the hyperinsulinaemic phenotype of DIO versus lean mice.

a, The early insulin response to glucose in lean and DIO mice is higher during OGTT than IPGTT. b, Suppression of glucagon secretion post-glucose administration is less effective after IPGTT and in DIO mice. c, Administration of 6bK (green, 80 mg kg⁻¹, n = 7) to lean mice not followed by injection of a nutrient such as glucose or pyruvate (see Figs 2–3) did not significantly alter basal blood glucose or basal hormone levels compared to bisepi-6bK (brown, n = 7) or vehicle controls (black, n = 7) 30 min post-injection. All data points and error bars represent mean ± s.e.m. Statistics were performed using a two-tail Student’s t-test, and significance levels shown in the figures are *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01 between the labelled groups. Data shown are representative of two or more independent studies.