Table 1.

Participant characteristics for the patients with type 1 diabetes and control group.

	Diabetes	Controls
Subjects (n)	53	40
M : F ratio	26 : 27	17 : 23
Age (years)	48.6 ± 11.8	44.3 ± 14.7
HbA1c  (mmol/mol)	61.3 ± 12.0	35.0 ± 2.5
Ethnicity
European	51	19
Indian	0	9
Asian (excluding Indian)	1	8
Maori	1	0
Others	0	4
Mean diabetes  Duration (years)	25.8 ± 11.4
<10	5
10–20	10
21–31	22
>31	16