Fig. 1.

T cells with redirected receptor specificity that is currently under development for cancer and HIV. Dual recognition T cells are created by the introduction of genes that encode T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). The TCR combines TCR-alpha and TCR-beta genes and is MHC-restricted, while CARs are made from antibody-derived scFv, tied to intracellular signaling modules derived from T cell costimulatory proteins, and thus are MHC-independent, but require antigen expression on the surface of target cells