Table 1.
Characteristics of Subjects
| Characteristic | Major Surgerya ( n=2186) |
Minor Surgery (n=784) |
No Surgery (n=9141) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth year | ||||
| 1998–2001, No. (column %) | 667 (30.5) | 314 (40.1) | 3204 (35.1) | |
| 2002–2005, No. (column %) | 913 (41.8) | 288 (36.7) | 3506 (38.4) | <.001 |
| 2006–2009, No. (column %) | 606 (27.7) | 182 (23.2) | 2431 (26.6) | |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 731.6 (143.2) | 748.0 (146.5) | 770.2 (158.4) | <.001 |
| <500 g, No. (column %) | 77 (3.5) | 22 (2.8) | 413 (4.5) | |
| 500–999 g, No. (column %) | 2055 (94.0) | 741 (94.5) | 8377 (91.6) | <.001 |
| 1000–1500 g, No. (column %) | 54 (2.5) | 21 (2.7) | 351 (3.8) | |
| Gestational age, median (IQR), wk | 25 (2) | 25 (3) | 26 (3) | <.001 |
| <26 wk, No. (column %) | 1347 (61.6) | 395 (50.4) | 4229 (46.3) | |
| 26–28 wk, No. (column %) | 765 (35.0) | 320 (40.8) | 4060 (44.4) | <.001 |
| 29–30 wk, No. (column %) | 60 (2.7) | 56 (7.1) | 635 (7.0) | |
| >30 wk, No. (column %) | 14 (0.6) | 13 (1.7) | 217 (2.4) | |
| Gender male, No. (column %) | 1228 (56.2) | 497 (63.4) | 4364 (47.7) | <.001 |
| Multiple birth cohort, No. (column %) | 480 (22.0) | 207 (26.4) | 2,215 (24.2) | .02 |
| Small-for-gestational-age, No. (column %) |
274 (12.5) | 146 (18.6) | 1456 (15.9) | <.001 |
| 5-min Apgar score, median (IQR) | [n=2166] 7 (3) |
[n=778] 7 (2) |
[n=9030] 7 (2) |
<.001 |
| Caucasian, No./column total (%) | 1171/2179 (53.7) | 426/781 (54.5) | 4832/9095 (53.1) | .69 |
| Antenatal corticoid steroid exposure, No./column total (%) |
1747/2174 (80.4) | 641/781 (82.1) | 7304/9118 (80.1) | .42 |
| Postnatal corticosteroid exposure, No./column total (%) |
717/2173 (33.0) | 219/784 (27.9) | 1292/9102 (14.2) | <.001 |
| Severe intracranial hemorrhage and/or cystic periventricular leukomalacia, No./column total (%) |
586/2182 (26.9) | 163/773 (21.1) | 1773/8610 (20.6) | <.001 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, No./column total (%) |
1294/1837 (70.4) | 276/511 (54.0) | 2452/6517 (37.6) | <.001 |
| Sepsis and/or meningitis, No./column total (%) |
1348/2184 (61.7) | 368/781 (47.1) | 2740/8295 (33.0) | <.001 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis, No./column total (%) |
664/2184 (30.4) | 282/784 (36.0) | 389/9139 (4.26) | <.001 |
| Patent ductus arteriosus, excluding those surgically closed, No./column total (%) |
1047/2186 (47.9) | 362/784 (46.2) | 3366/9125 (36.9) | <.001 |
| Seizures, No./column total (%) | 333/2186 (15.2) | 82/784 (10.5) | 726/9137 (8.0) | <.001 |
| Caregiver highest educational level: | ||||
| ≤9 y, No./column total (%) | 137/2009 (6.8) | 58/672 (8.6) | 628/8071 (7.8) | |
| 10–12 y, No./column total (%) | 302/2009 (15.0) | 96/672 (14.3) | 1,217/8071 (15.1) | |
| >12 y, No./column total (%) | 1156/2009 (57.5) | 393/672 (58.5) | 4671/8071 (57.9) | .55 |
| Unknown, No./column total (%) | 414/2009 (20.6) | 125/672 (18.6) | 1555/8071 (19.3) |
a
With or without additional minor surgical procedure