Table 5.
Models 5 and 6: Multivariable Linear Regression Analyses for Mean BSID II MDI and Mean PDI with Three-Level Surgery Predictor Variables
| Model 5 for Mean Mental Developmental Index |
Model 6 for Mean Psychomotor Developmental Index |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variablea | Estimate | 95% CI | Estimate | 95% CI | ||
| No surgery vs major surgery | 3.3 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 5.4 |
| Minor surgery vs major surgery | 3.6 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 5.2 |
| No surgery vs minor surgery | −0.3 | −2.3 | 1.6 | 0.5 | −1.5 | 2.5 |
| Number of surgeries (for each additional surgery) |
−0.9 | −1.6 | −0.1 | −1.5 | −2.3 | −0.7 |
| Birth weight (for each 250 g. increase in weight) |
3.4 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 3.2 |
| Small-for-gestational-age (no vs yes) |
1.9 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 4.7 |
| Male (no vs yes) | 6.1 | 4.9 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 5.1 |
| Multiple birth cohort (no vs yes) | 3.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 3.3 |
| Caucasian (yes vs no) | 5.1 | 4.2 | 6.0 | −0.4 | −1.3 | 0.5 |
| 5-min Apgar score ≤ 3 (no vs yes) | 1.5 | −0.2 | 3.2 | 1.0 | −0.7 | 2.7 |
| Antenatal corticosteroid exposure (yes vs no) |
1.2 | −0.04 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.090 | 2.52 |
| Postnatal corticosteroid exposure (no vs yes) |
1.9 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 3.27 | 2.0 | 4.6 |
| Seizures (no vs yes) | 7.5 | 5.5 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 6.4 | 10.4 |
| Severe intracranial hemorrhage and/or cystic periventricular leukomalacia (no vs yes) |
5.1 | 3.7 | 6.5 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 10.5 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (no vs yes) | 2.4 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 4.3 |
| Sepsis and/or meningitis (no vs yes) | 1.3 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 0.9 | −0.3 | 2.1 |
| Patent ductus arteriosus, excluding surgically closed patients (no vs yes) |
1.2 | 0.3 | 2.18 | 1.0 | 0.02 | 1.9 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis (Bell stage ≥ IIA) (no vs yes) |
0.6 | −2.2 | 3.5 | 0.2 | −2.6 | 3.1 |
| Caregiver highest educational level: |
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| 10–12 y vs ≤9 y | 2.9 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 1.1 | −0.7 | 2.9 |
| >12 y vs ≤9 y | 7.0 | 5.4 | 8.5 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 4.2 |
| Birth year, 1998–2001 vs 2002–2005 | 0.5 | −0.4 | 1.5 | −0.1 | −1.03 | 0.9 |
| Inborn (yes vs. no) | 1.8 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 1.2 | −0.4 | 2.9 |
| Propensity scoreb, minor surgery AOR per 10% increase in the predicted probability |
1.0 | −0.4 | 2.3 | 1.2 | −0.1 | 2.6 |
| Propensity scoreb, major surgery AOR per 10% increase in the predicted probability |
−0.5 | −1.2 | 0.3 | −0.4 | −1.1 | 0.3 |
a
Neonatal Research Network center variable is also included in the models.
b
Included in the PS model were BW, SGA, sex, race, 5-minute Apgar score, ICH, BPD, sepsis and/or meningitis, NEC, PDA, multiple birth cohort, ANS, PNS, highest level of education attained by primary caregiver, birth year, and center.