Table 2.
Risk for new-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or all-cause mortality according to levels of SDF-1
| Ln (SDF-1) quartiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Per quartile increment in ln(SDF-1) | Per 1 SD increment in ln(SDF-1) | |
| HR [95% CI] | HR [95% CI] | HR [95% CI] | HR [95% CI] | HR [95% CI] (p-value) | HR [95% CI] (p-value§) | |
| Cardiovascular disease (CVD), n=263 | ||||||
| Model 1 | Referent | 1.0 [0.69–1.6] | 1.2 [0.77–1.8] | 1.3 [0.89–2.1] | 1.1 [1.0–1.3] (0.10) | 1.2 [1.1–1.4] (0.009) |
| Model 2* | Referent | 1.0 [0.68–1.6] | 1.1 [0.74–1.7] | 1.1 [0.68–1.7] | 1.0 [0.90–1.2] (0.70) | 1.1 [0.9–1.2] (0.39) |
| Model 3 | Referent | 1.0 [0.68–1.6] | 1.1 [0.73–1.7] | 1.1 [0.64–1.6] | 1.0 [0.90–1.20] (0.90) | 1.1 [0.9–1.3] (0.31) |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI), n=160 | ||||||
| Model 1 | Referent | 1.1 [0.61–1.9] | 1.1 [0.63–1.9] | 1.7 [1.0–2.9] | 1.2 [1.0–1.4] (0.03) | 1.3 [1.1–1.6] (0.009) |
| Model 2* | Referent | 1.0 [0.57–1.7] | 1.0 [0.59–1.8] | 1.4 [0.80–2.5] | 1.1 [0.9–1.4] (0.20) | 1.1 [0.9–1.2] (0.10) |
| Model 3 | Referent | 1.0 [0.57–1.7] | 1.0 [0.59–1.8] | 1.4 [0.78–2.4] | 1.1 [0.9–1.3] (0.40) | 1.1 [0.9–1.3] (0.31) |
| Heart failure (HF), n=200 | ||||||
| Model 1 | Referent | 1.1 [0.64–1.9] | 1.4[0.84–2.4] | 1.9[1.1–3.1] | 1.2 [1.0–1.50] (0.006) | 1.4 [1.1–1.6] (0.0012) |
| Model 2† | Referent | 1.1 [0.65–1.9] | 1.4[0.83–2.4] | 1.6 [0.92–2.6] | 1.2 [1.0–1.40] (0.06) | 1.2 [1.0–1.5] (0.04) |
| Model 3 | Referent | 1.0 [0.62–1.7] | 1.2[0.72–2.1] | 1.1 [0.66–1.9] | 1.0 [0.90–1.20] (0.60) | 1.1 [0.9–1.3] (0.27) |
| Death from all causes, n=385 | ||||||
| Model 1 | Referent | 1.3 [0.96–1.8] | 1.4 [1.0–2.0] | 1.6 [1.1–2.2] | 1.1 [1.0–1.2] (0.007) | 1.2 [1.1–1.4] (0.0001) |
| Model 2‡ | Referent | 1.3 [0.91–1.7] | 1.4 [1.0–1.9] | 1.4 [1.0–1.9] | 1.1 [1.0–1.2] (0.04) | 1.2 [1.1–1.3] (0.003) |
| Model 3 | Referent | 1.2 [0.91–1.7] | 1.4 [1.0–1.9] | 1.3 [0.9–1.8] | 1.1 [1.0–1.2] (0.10) | 1.2 [1.0–1.3] (0.02) |
Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, total cholesterol, HDL, diabetes, smoking status, statin use. After excluding HDL from Model 2, the HR [95% CI] per 1 SD increment in ln(SDF-1) did not change for CVD, and the p-value was insignificant (p=0.11). For MI, exclusion of HDL from Model 2 had a HR= 1.2 [1.0–1.5] and p-value = 0.020.
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, HDL, BMI, diabetes, smoking status, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, total cholesterol, HDL, diabetes, smoking status, angina, atherosclerotic CVD, and HF
Model 3: Adjusted for respective Model 2 outcome+ BNP
1 standard deviation of ln(SDF-1): 0.26
P-value for the association of ln(SDF-1) as a continuous variable with clinical outcomes