. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2014 Jul 9;76(2):269–278. doi: 10.1002/ana.24202

TABLE 4.

Glu/NAA as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes (N = 211)^a

	Predictor
Longitudinal Outcome^c,d	Glu/NAA_[NAWM]^b	Glu/NAA_[GM]^b
Annualized PBVC	0.33 (0.13, 0.52) p=0.002	0.06 (−0.08, 0.20) p=0.42
MSFC	0.009 (0.004, 0.014) p<0.001	–0.003 (–0.007, 0.001) p=0.11
PASAT	0.17 (0.07, 0.27) p<0.001	0.004 (–0.07, 0.08) p=0.92
EDSS	0.001 (–0.02, 0.02) p=0.92	–0.007 (−0.02, 0.01) p=0.29

NAAA = N-acetylaspartate, PBVC = Percent Brain Volume Change, MSFC = Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, PASAT = Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Score, NAWM = Normal Appearing White Matter, GM = Grey Matter.

Parameter estimate for the predictor by time interaction and 95% confidence intervals are given for each model; models in which the predictor by time interaction was statistically significant at alpha = 0.05 are bolded.

The value given in the table reflects the effect of a 10% change in Glu/NAAA.

PBVC is modeled as percent brain volume change per year. MSFC, PASAT and EDSS are modeled as continuous variables.

Mean follow up time was 2.8 years after Glu/NAAA measurement for PBVC and 3.8 years after Glu/NAAA measurement for clinical outcomes.