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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jul;174(7):1144–1157. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1984

Table 3.

Comparison of outcomes between study group at 4 and 12 months.a Data are for returnees.

Outcome 4 months 12 months
Continuous variables: Crude and adjustedb difference in change of outcome between study groups (change for counselor minus change for web)c
Crude Adjusted Crude Adjusted
Mean (95% CI) p Mean (95% CI) p mean (95% CI) p mean (95% CI) p
Framingham Risk Scored −0.8 (−1.7 to 0.1) 0.09 −1.0 (−1.8 to −0.1) 0.03 −0.2 (−1.4 to 1.0) 0.72 −0.6 (−1.7 to 0.5) 0.30
Components of the Framingham Risk Score
  Systolic blood pressure, mmHg −1.8 (−5.5 to 1.9) 0.35 −1.5 (−4.5 to 1.5) 0.33 −2.3 (−6.3 to 1.7) 0.26 −2.6 (−6.1 to 0.9) 0.14
  Total cholesterol, mg/dL, −4.3 (−11.5 to 2.9) 0.24 −2.9 (−9.2 to 3.3) 0.36 −4.1 (−12.2 to 4.1) 0.33 −2.4 (−9.8 to 5.1) 0.53
  HDL-C, mg/dL −0.4 (−1.8 to 0.9) 0.54 −0.4 (−1.7 – 1.0) 0.58 −1.7 (−3.3 to −0.2) 0.03 −1.5 (−3.0 to −0.0) 0.05
Dietary Intake
  Fat Quality Screener Scoree 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) 0.46 0.03 (−0.3 to 0.4) 0.87 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) 0.51 0.02 (−0.4 to 0.3) 0.93
  Fruit and Vegetable servings/d 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) 0.46 0.3 (0.0 to 0.5) 0.05 0.02 (−0.3 to 0.3) 0.91 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4) 0.31
  Carotenoid Indexf 0.4 (−2.9 to 3.7) 0.43 0.2 (−2.6 to 3.1) 0.47 1.9 (−1.6 to 5.4) 0.20 2.3 (−0.9 to 5.6) 0.12
Physical Activity
  RESIDE questionnaire—total walk time (minutes per week) 25.1 (−25.9 to 76.1) 0.33 31.4 (−10.4 to 73.3) 0.14 −41.7 (−99.1 to 15.6) 0.15 −39.6 (−85.6 to 6.5) 0.09
  Pedometer, steps per day in prior week 356 (−386 to 1099) 0.34 339 (−376 to 1054) 0.35 455 (−266 to 1176) 0.21 592 (−100 to 1284) 0.09
Other Outcomes
  Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg −0.6 (−2.7 to 1.5) 0.59 −1.4 (−3. to 0.5) 0.14 −0.8 (−3.0 to 1.3) 0.44 −1.6 (−3.4 to 0.3) 0.10
  LDL-C, mg/dL, −3.3 (−9.5 to 2.9) 0.30 −2.1 (−7.6 to 3.4) 0.46 −2.9 (−9.8 to 4.0) 0.40 −1.0 (−7.4 to 5.3) 0.75
  Weight in kg 0.5 (−0.2 to 1.3) 0.13 0.6 (−0.1 to 1.3) 0.10 0.6 (−0.4 to 1.6) 0.27 0.8 (−0.2 to 1.8) 0.13
  HgbA1c (all participants) −0.2 (−0.4 to −0.02) 0.03 −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.04) 0.14 −0.2 (−0.4 to −0.04) 0.02 −0.2 (−0.3 to 0.00) 0.05
  HgbA1c (those with diabetes) −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) 0.12 −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2) 0.48 −0.3 (−0.6 to 0.03) 0.07 −0.2 (−0.4 to 0.1) 0.20
  hsCRP −0.2 (−2.1 to 1.6) 0.82 −0.1 (−1.0 to 0.7) 0.73 1.0 (−1.4 to 3.4) 0.40 0.9 (−0.9 to 2.7) 0.33
  QOL, SF−12 Mental composite 0.8 (−0.6 to 2.1) 0.28 0.3 (−0.9 to 1.4) 0.62 0.1 (−1.3 to 1.6) 0.84 −0.5 (−1.5 to 0.6) 0.38
  QOL, SF−12 Physical composite 0.7 (−1.1 to 2.6) 0.44 1.1 (−0.6 to 2.8) 0.20 0.0 (−2.2 to 2.1) 0.97 0.8 (−1.2 to 2.7) 0.44
Categorical variables--medication use: Crude difference in percentage at 4 and 12 month follow-up (percentage for counselor minus percentage for web)
mean (95% CI) P mean (95% CI) P
  smoking −1% (−6% to 4%) 0.69 −2% (−8% to 4%) 0.59
  Taking aspirin 0% (−9% to 10%) 0.95 4% (−7% to 14%) 0..48
  Morisky questionnaire for medication adherence—high adherence −6% (−18% to 7%) 0.36 3% (−11% to 17%) 0.68
  Taking blood pressure medication 3% (−2% to 9%) 0.22 6% (−.2% to 12%) 0.06
  Taking cholesterol medication 6% (−2% to 14%) 0.16 6% (−3% to 15%) 0.20
a

See Table 2 for the number of participants with followed data used to calculate the difference scores in this table.

b

Adjusted for baseline value of variable, age, sex, race (white vs. other), BMI, prescription drug plan, HDL-C, HgA1c, and study site

c

A negative difference score indicates the value of the outcome is lower in the counselor group.

d

Framingham risk scores calculated as percent chance of developing angina, myocardial infarction, or coronary heart disease death over a 10 year time frame for those who did not developed cardiovascular disease from baseline to follow-up.

e

A lower score indicates improved fat quality.

f

Carotenoid index, calculated as the sum of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Data presented are for non-smokers. A higher index indicates greater fruit and vegetable consumption. Statistical tests performed on log transformed data.

Abbreviations: HCL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; RESIDE, RESIDential Environment Project; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein Cholesterol; HgbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; QOL, quality of life.