Fig. 2.

a Twelve-year-old boy with congenital scoliosis prior to the index procedure. b Four years later, new bone formation along the rod section of the inner VEPTR constructs was suspected. c A CT 7 years later (at the age of 19 years) confirmed the presence of ossifications at the level of the former lamina hook (Ib) reaching over the caudal ribs (IIa), and also at the level of the former upper rib cradle (Ia). The thoracostomy remained open even after removal of the VEPTR. Based on those findings, a decision was made not to instrument and fuse the spine, since the situation was deemed stable