Skip to main content
. 2014 Aug 6;111(33):E3432–E3440. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1408780111

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

atRA sustains and enhances the suppressive activities of nTregs in vitro and in vivo even following encounter with IL-1β and IL-6 in vitro. nTregs expanded as in Fig.1A were harvested and restimulated with or without IL-1β/IL-6 (10 ng/mL) for 3 d. These cells were added to CD25− T cells labeled with CFSE and stimulated with OKT3 (20 ng/mL) for 72 h in the presence of irradiated APCs (1:1). (A) The CFSE dilution was examined by flow cytometry and representative of four independent experiments. (B) Values indicate percentages of suppression with mean ± SEM of four independent experiments (**P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001). (C) nTreg subsets (5 × 106) were cotransferred with CD25− PBMCs into NOG mice and survival was monitored. Each group includes eight mice, and data represent the integration of two independent experiments. nTregs/atRA vs. nTregs/DMSO (P = 0.0234); nTregs/atRA+IL-1+IL-6 vs. nTregs/DMSO+IL-1+IL-6 (P = 0.0003).